D1.1 - DNA Replication

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

production of an exact copy of a DNA strand

Question 2

processes requiring DNA replication

Answer 2

reproduction
growth & repair

Question 3

semi-conservative replication

Answer 3

dna replication in which each dna molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand

Question 4

role of complementary base pairing

Answer 4

parent strand is used as template to determine order of bases in new strand prevents errors

Question 5

helicase

Answer 5

enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between bases to separate parent strands (unwinds helix)

Question 6

DNA polymerase

Answer 6

enzyme that adds free nucleotides to new strand –> bonds b/w new phosphate of free nucleotides & sugar of old

Question 7

function of polymerase chain reaction

Answer 7

amplifies dna

Question 8

steps of pcr

Answer 8

denaturation - mixture heated to break hydrogen bonds
annealing - micture cooled to allow bonding w primer
elongation - taq polymerase catalyzes building of new DNA by extending primers

Question 9

primer

Answer 9

short segment of DNA added to signal where to being copying

Question 10

Taq polymerase

Answer 10

heat tolerant DNA polymerase

Question 11

gel electophoresis function

Answer 11

separates DNA molecules by length

Question 12

gel electrophoresis process

Answer 12

put dna fargments into one end of porous gel
apply electricity
negative electrode at DNA end
repelling force moves dna through gel
shorter fragments go farther

Question 13

Applications of PCR and gel electrophoresis

Answer 13

paternity testing & suspect testing

Question 14

paternity testing

Answer 14

isolate short tandem repeats
pcr to amplify segment
gel electrophoresis to create bonding patterns
used to dientify parent