C1.2 - Cell Respiration

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

ATP Structure

Answer 2

1 adenosine + 3 phosphate
phosphate groups negatively charged = unstable covalent bond easily broken by hydrolysis

Question 3

ATP function

Answer 3

molecule that distributes energy within cells

Question 4

characteristics of ATP

Answer 4

soluble in water
cannot cross membrances
remains compartmentalized

Question 5

processes requiring ATP

Answer 5

synthesis of macromolecules (DNA replication, protein synthesis)
active transport (Na K Pump)
mitosis
muscle contractions

Question 6

energy conversions between ATP & ADP

Answer 6

ATP to ADP = release energy (3rd phosphate broken off w hydrolysis)
ADP to ATP = require energy

Question 7

exergonic reaction

Answer 7

energy stored in high energy bond is released (hydrolysis ATP to ADP)

Question 8

endergonic reaction

Answer 8

energy from oxidation of nutrients is stored in high energy bonds (condensation ADP to ATP)

Question 9

cell respiration

Answer 9

biochemical process releasing energy from carbon compounds to make ATP

Question 10

gas exchange

Answer 10

oxygen and carbon diffusing in and out of cells

Question 11

cell respiration equation

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 12

cell respiration word equation

Answer 12

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 13

aerobic respiration

Answer 13

with oxygen
uses carbs, lipids, amino acids
releases CO2 + H2O
occurs in cytoplasm + mitochondria
produces 30 ATP

Question 14

anaerobic respiration

Answer 14

w/o oxygen
uses glucose
reseases lactic acid / ethanol
occurs in cytoplasm
produces 2 ATP

Question 15

process of anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)

Answer 15

2 ATP required
glucose enters cell membrane
enzymes catalyze reaction = 2 3pyruvates
glucose bonds break to release energy
energy released forms ATP
net gain 2 ATP

Question 16

when does lactic acid fermentation occur

Answer 16

during anaerobic respiration due to lack of oxygen (ex: sprinting, powerlifting, etc)

Question 17

oxygen debt

Answer 17

amount of oxygen that must be absorbed to break down lactic acid

Question 18

process of aerobic respiration

Answer 18

beings with glycolysis
2 pyruvates released to cytoplasm to mitochondira
pyruvates become 2C compound
krebs cycle
electron transport chain

Question 19

Krebs Cycle

Answer 19

occurs in mitochondria matrix
net gain of 2 ATP

Question 20

electron transport chain

Answer 20

occurs in cristae of mitochondira
produces 30 ATP

Question 21

variable influencing cell respiration

Answer 21

oxygen concentration
glucose concentration
carbon dioxide levels