B2.3 - Cell Specialization Flashcards
production of zygote
male gamete + female gamete
process of infant growth
gamete -> zygote -> embryo -> feotus -> infant
cell signaling
process which information is transferred from cell curface to cell nucleus
morphogens
signal molecules that control cell differentiation
properties of stem cells
can divide endlessly
can differentiate into multiple types of cells
where are stem cells found in plants
meristimatic tissue
differentiation
transition from unspecialized cells into cells that have particular structures & functions
where are stem cells found in humans
bone marro, liver, skin, muscles
stem cell niche
locations that have stem cells & provide environment for differentiation
totipotent cells
can become any cell type
pluripotent cells
can develop into many, but not all cell types
multipotent cells
can develop into few cell types
unipotent cells
can develop only 1 kind of cell (ex: sperm)
sperm size
long and narrow
egg size
large and rounded
red bllood cell size
8 micrometers & dented in middle
white blood cell size
10 - 30 micrometers when activated
motor neuron
large body w/ long axon
surface area of cell
region where things can enter & exit (semipermeable plasma membrane)
volume of cell
region where metabolic reactions can occur
SA:V formula
surface area / volume
characteristics of large SA:V ratio
more efficient at moving things in & out to service metabolic reactions
better at heat distribution
