B1.1 - Carbohydrates & Lipids

Question 1

what is a carbohydrate

Answer 1

smallest unit of monosaccharide

Question 2

types of saccharides

Answer 2

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 3

carbon bonding

Answer 3

can form 4 stable bonds

Question 4

common functional groups

Answer 4

hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, phosphate

Question 5

carboxyl group

Answer 5

COOH

Question 6

hydroxyl group

Answer 6

OH

Question 7

amine group

Answer 7

NH2

Question 8

phosphate group

Answer 8

H2PO4

Question 9

monosaccharide examples

Answer 9

glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

Question 10

disaccharide examples

Answer 10

maltose, lactose, sucrose

Question 11

polysaccharide examples

Answer 11

chitin, cellulose, starch, glycogen

Question 12

types of lipids

Answer 12

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 13

tryglicerides

Answer 13

fat stored in adpipose tissue

Question 14

phospholipids

Answer 14

lipids formed in phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

steroids

Answer 15

hormones ex: testosterone, oestradiol

Question 16

production of macromolecules

Answer 16

monomoer to polymer through condensation reaction

Question 17

hydrolysis

Answer 17

reaction that breaksdown bonds between monomers

Question 18

glycosidic bond

Answer 18

bond b/w 2 monosaccharides

Question 19

ester bond

Answer 19

oxygen & carbon bond

Question 20

peptide bond

Answer 20

two amino acids

Question 21

glucose + galactose

Answer 21

lactose + water

Question 22

many glucose

Answer 22

many starch + water

Question 23

many amino acids

Answer 23

protein + many water

Question 24

phosphate group + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

Answer 24

2 nucleotide + water

Question 25

pentose monosaccharide

Answer 25

5 carbon, Ex. ribose & deoxyribose sugar

Question 26

hexose monosaccharide

Answer 26

6 carbon, ex: glucose

Question 27

types of glucose

Answer 27

alpha-glucose, beta-glucose

Question 28

properties of glucose

Answer 28

molecular stability high transferability water soluble yields great chemical energy

Question 29

use of glucose in plant cells

Answer 29

produced in photosynthesis, used in respiration

Question 30

examples of plysaccharides

Answer 30

amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, glycogen

Question 31

amylose

Answer 31

starch used for energy storage in animals, alpha-glucose, 1-4 linkage, spiral shape

Question 32

amylopectin

Answer 32

starch used for energy storage in animals, alpha glucose, 1-4 & 1-6 linkage, spiral w branches

Question 33

glycogen

Answer 33

starch used for energy storage in plants, alpha-glucose, 1-4 & more 1-6 linkage, highly banchedc

Question 34

cellulose

Answer 34

structural component, beta-glucose, 1-4 linkage, straight chain, strong, many parallel chains held bu hydrogen bonds

Question 35

conjugated carbon

Answer 35

lipoprotein, glycolipid, glycoprotein

Question 36

glycoprotein

Answer 36

carbohydrate + protein

Question 37

glycoprotein function

Answer 37

cell-cell recognition transport of molecules cell-cell adhesion catalysis as result of enzyme adhering

Question 38

what are lipids

Answer 38

hydrophobic, non-water soluble substances, oils at warmer temp, fats at lower temp

Question 39

triglyceride

Answer 39

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 40

phospholipid

Answer 40

glycerol + 2 fatty acids

Question 41

phospholipid structure

Answer 41

hydrophilic phosphate head, hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 42

amphipathic

Answer 42

having both hydrophobic & hydrophilic properties

Question 43

saturated fat

Answer 43

straight, single bond, solid at room temp (high melting point)

Question 44

monounsaturated fat

Answer 44

double bond, kink in chain EX: olive oils, macadamia nut

Question 45

polyunsaturated fat

Answer 45

contains more than 1 double bond, multiple kinks in chain (liquid at room temp, high melting point) EX: fatty salmon fish, veggie oils

Question 46

cis unsaturated fat

Answer 46

hydrogen atoms are on same side of chain (kink) most natural form oils contain kink

Question 47

tans unsaturated fat

Answer 47

hydrogen atoms are on opposite side of chain (balance = no kink) man made solidifies easily health concern = cholesterol

Question 48

hydrogenation

Answer 48

breaking down bonds in polyunsaturated fats to create saturated ones then turn them into solids

Question 49

adipose tissue

Answer 49

fatty tissue under the skin & around organs

Question 50

triglyceride function

Answer 50

storing energy stable insoluble energy dense thermal insulator shock absorber

Question 51

hormone

Answer 51

chemical messenger molecule produced by variety of glands

Question 52

steroid penetration

Answer 52

hydrophobic steroids from cholesterol like testosterone can penetrate membrane