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Pharmacology 2 > Cytotoxic Chemo > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Chemo Flashcards

1
Q

Growth Fraction

A

Proportion of cells in a tumor that are actively dividing

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2
Q

2 common toxicities of Topotecan/Irinotecan

A

Myelosuppression and Diarrhea

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3
Q

2 Purine Antimetabolites

A

6-MP and 6-GT

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4
Q

4 Plant Alkyloids

A

(1) Vin-‘s; (2) -side’s; (3) -can’s; (4) -taxel’s

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5
Q

5 Alkylating Agents

A

Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine, Platinum Analogs, Procarbazine, Busulfan

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6
Q

5 Antibiotics for Chemotherapy

A

(1) Doxorubicin/Daunorubicin; (2) Bleomycin; (3) Dactinomycin; (4) Mitomycin

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7
Q

6 Antimetabolites

A

Methotrexate, 6-MP and 6-TG, 5-FU, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine

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8
Q

Acrolein is breakdown product of what

A

Cyclosphosphamide

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9
Q

Administration of Vinca Alkyloids

A

Parenterally

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10
Q

Alkylating agents: CCNS or CCS?

A

CCNS

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11
Q

Anthracyclines

A

Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

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12
Q

Anthracyclines (-rubicin): CCS or CCNS?

A

CCNS

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13
Q

Anticancer drugs kill a fixed proportion of tumor cell populatino

A

Log-Kill Hypothesis

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14
Q

Antimetabolites: CCNS or CCS?

A

CCS, primarily S phase

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15
Q

Binds to dsDNA and inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis

A

MOA of Dactinomycin

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16
Q

Bleomycin toxicities

A

Pneumoitis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Alopecia

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17
Q

Bleomycin: CCS or CCNS?

A

CCS: G2 phase

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18
Q

Block formation of mitotic spindle by preventing assembly of tubulin dimers into microtubules

A

MOA of Vinca Alkyloids

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19
Q

Cisplatin toxcitities

A

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Myelosuppression

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20
Q

Class with Cardiotoxicity

A

Anthracyclines (-rubicins)

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21
Q

Clearance of Vinca Alkyloids

A

Bililary Excretion

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22
Q

Concurrent Agent for 5-FU

A

Leucovorin (Enhanced action)

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23
Q

Concurrent Agent for 6-MP

A

Allopurinol (increases toxicity!)

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24
Q

Concurrent Agent for Anthracyclines

A

Dexroxazone (Fe chelator, reduced cardiotoxicity)

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25
Concurrent Agent for Cisplatin
Amifostine (Cytoprotection)
26
Concurrent Agent for Cyclophosphamide
Mesna (protect against Acrolein production)
27
Concurrent Agent for MTX
Luecovorin (Metabolic rescue)
28
Concurrent Agent for Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Allopurinol
29
Concurrent Agents for Bone Mets
Pamidronate, Zoledronate (reduced bone pain and fractures)
30
Dactinomycin: CCS or CCNS?
CCNS
31
Deoxycytidine analog that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase --> Diminishes pool of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates for DNA synthesis
MOA of Gemcitabine
32
Distinctive adverse effect of Anthracyclines
Cardiotoxicity
33
Dose Limiting Toxicity of 6-MP and 6-GT
Bone Marrow Suppression
34
Drug that causes blisters on contact with tissues
Vesicant
35
Elimination of Etoposide
Renal
36
First-Order Kinetics
A given dose kills a constant proportion of a cell population rather than a constant number of cells
37
Forms H2O2, which generates free radicals and causes DNA strand scission
Procarbazine
38
General MOA of Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating Agent
39
General MOA of Mechlorethamine
Alkylating Agent
40
General MOA of Platinum Agents
Alkylating Agents
41
How can you reduce toxicity of Methotrexate
Folinic Acid (Leucovorin)
42
In what phase to Vinca Alkyloids work
M Phase
43
Increases degradation of DNA and inhibits mitochondrial ETC
MOA of Etoposide/Teniposide
44
Inhibit Topo 1
MOA of Topotecan/Irinotecan
45
Inhibits Thymidylate Synthase and leads to "thymineless death" of cells
5-FU
46
Kinetics of Cytotoxic drugs
First-Order Kinetics
47
Leucovorin Rescue
Reduce toxic effects of Methotrexate by administration of Folinic Acid (Leucovorin)
48
Log-Kill Hypothesis
Anticancer drugs kill a fixed proportion of tumor cell populatino
49
Main toxicity of Gemcitabine
Myelosuppression
50
Main use of Daunorubicin
Acute Leukemias
51
Methotrexate clearance is dependent on
Renal function
52
Mitomycin: CCS or CCNS?
CCNS
53
MOA of 5-FU
Inhibits Thymidylate Synthase and leads to "thymineless death" of cells
54
MOA of 6-GT
Purine Antimetabolite
55
MOA of 6-MP
Purine Antimetabolite
56
MOA of Bleomycin
Generates free radicals
57
MOA of Cytarabine (ARA-C)
Pyrimidine antimetabolite
58
MOA of Dactinomycin
Binds to dsDNA and inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis
59
MOA of Doxorubicin/Daunorubicin
Intercalate b/t base pairs, Inhibit Topo 2, Generate free radicals
60
MOA of Etoposide/Teniposide
Increases degradation of DNA and inhibits mitochondrial ETC
61
MOA of Gemcitabine
Deoxycytidine analog that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase --> Diminishes pool of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates for DNA synthesis
62
MOA of Mitomycin
Alkylating agent that cross-links DNA
63
MOA of Paclitaxel/Docetaxel (Taxanes)
Prevent microtubule disassembly in mitotic spindle
64
MOA of Procarbazine
Forms H2O2, which generates free radicals and causes DNA strand scission
65
MOA of Topotecan/Irinotecan
Inhibit Topo 1
66
MOA of Vinca Alkyloids
Block formation of mitotic spindle by preventing assembly of tubulin dimers into microtubules
67
Of all the antimetabolites, __ is most specific for S phase
Cytarabine
68
Prevent microtubule disassembly in mitotic spindle
MOA of Paclitaxel/Docetaxel
69
Primary use of Procarbazine
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
70
Proportion of cells in a tumor that are actively dividing
Growth Fraction
71
Purine antimetabolites are used mainly in
Acute Leukemias and Chronic Myelocyte Leukemia
72
Pyrimidine antimetabolite
Cytarabine
73
Resistance to 5-FU
Decreased activation of 5-FU, Increased Thymidylate Synthase activity, Reduced drug sensitivity
74
Resistance to 6-MP and 6-GT
Decreased HGPRTase activity (activating enzyme) or increase production of Alkaline Phosphatases
75
Resistance to Alkylating agents
Increased DNA repair; Decreased drug permeability; Production of trapping agents (thiols)
76
Resistance to Vinca Alkyloids
Increased efflux
77
Special cyclophosphamide toxicity
Hemorrhage Cystitis
78
The metabolism of 6-MP by Xanthine Oxidase is inhibited by
Allopurinol
79
Use of Mechlorethamine
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
80
Use of Taxanes
Advanced Breast and Ovarian cancers
81
Uses of Dactinomycin
Melanoma and Wilms tumor
82
Vesicant
Drug that causes blisters on contact with tissues
83
Vincristine toxicities
Peripheral neuropathy, Paralytic Ileus
84
What is needed for Cyclophosphamide antitumor activity
Hepatic CYP450 biotransformation
85
What may protect against cardiotoxicity from Anthracyclines
Dexrazoxane
86
When to give Allopurinol
Tumor Lysis Syndrome, 6-MP
87
When to give Amifostine
Cisplatin (cytoprotection)
88
When to give Leucovorin
MTX, 5-FU
89
When to give Mesna as concurrent agent
Cyclophasphamide (protect against Acrolein production)

Pharmacology 2 (8 decks)

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