Cytology

Question 0

Centrioles

Answer 0

Form spindle during mitosis

Question 1

Parts of the cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 2

Centromere

Answer 2

Keeps the 2 identical strands of each chromosome attached

Question 3

Centrosome

Answer 3

Two centrioles; organizes microtubules; participates in spindle formation during cell division

Question 4

Chromatids

Answer 4

Duplicated chromosomes- sister chromatids

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Loosely coiled DNA: DNA can direct the production if cellular proteins (transcription)

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

Most compact, organized level of genetic material; visible in the cell only when dividing

Question 7

Cilia

Answer 7

Move substances over cell surface

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Place of many metabolic processes in the cell

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

Contains ions used in cellular functions; support for organelles; viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Maintains intercellular structural support and organization of cells; participates in cell division; facilitates movement

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Genetic material that directs protein synthesis

Question 12

Flagella

Answer 12

Propels sperm

Question 13

Golgi apparatus/body

Answer 13

Modifies, packages, and sorts materials arriving from ER in transport vesicles; forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

Question 14

Inclusion bodies

Answer 14

Serve as temporary storage for molecules such as melanin, proteins, glycogen, lipids

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Digest microbes or materials (ex: ingested by cell, worn-out cell components, or entire cell)

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Make ATP in presence of oxygen

Question 17

Nuclear membrane

Answer 17

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm

Question 18

Nuclear pores

Answer 18

Allow passage of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm (RNA, protein, ions, and small water-soluble molecules)

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

Assembles ribosomes

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Contains genetic material

Question 21

Organelle

Answer 21

“Little organs” organized structures with unique characteristic shapes and functions; membrane bound or non-membrane bound

Question 22

Peroxisomes

Answer 22

Detoxify specific harmful substances produced by or taken into the cell; engage in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

Question 23

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 23

Physical barrier; regulates material movement in and out (semi-permeable); cell communication??

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

Help make protein

Question 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

Covered in ribosomes; also involved in protein manufacturing (modifies, transports, and stores) for proteins that become part of plasma membrane or serve as enzymes of lysosomes

Question 26

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 26

Involved in fat??? Synthesize, transport, store lipids (steroids); metabolize carbs; detox drugs, alcohol, and poisons; form vesicles and peroxisomes

Question 27

Spindle

Answer 27

``` Organize chromatids during mitosis; Grow from centrioles (p) Attach to centromeres (m) Organize chromatids (a) Pull chromatids apart (a) ```

Question 28

Vesicle

Answer 28

Transports between ER and Golgi and then to other places in or out of the cell