Cytokines Flashcards
what are cytokines?
proteins that mediate the effector functions of the immune system (small, short lived,
what effects can cytokines induce?
change in metabolic or proliferative state, induce transcriptional change
In which ways can cytokines release their messages?
autocrine, paracrine, endocrine
What is the pleiotropic effect of cytokines?
one cytokine induces different biological effects depending on the target cells
What is the redundant effect of cytokines?
two cytokines mediate similar effects on the target cell
What is the synergy effect of cytokines?
the combined effect of two cytokines is greater than the additive effect
What is the antagonistic effect of cytokines?
inhibition of one cytokines effect by another’s action
What is the cascade effect of cytokines?
a cytokine induces other cells to produce additional cytokines in chain
what cytokines are unique to Th1?
IFNg, TNFb
what cytokines are unique to Th2?
IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13
Cytokines IL6, TNFa, and IL6 are grouped as ______
pro-inflammatory cytokines
cytokines TGFb is a ______ cytokine
anti inflammation
(down regulates inflammation and promotes tissue repair)
what does IL 8 do?
chemokine, affect lymphocyte movement
induces adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells
adhesion molecules function as:
costimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells to activate MHC II restricted T cells in association with MHC class I to activate cytotoxic T cells
what is diapedesis?
migration of activated leukocytes to sites of inflammation
what are the families of adhesion molecules?
selectins, integrins, immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules, cadherins
Cytokines can also regulate _____ via
EPO, MG-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, IK3, IL2
hematopoiesis
what are some common cytokine receptor subunits?
gp130
and gammac, betac
What is IL2?
autocrine produced by T cells
what controls IL2 action?
binding affinity to its receptor CD25
what is the highest affinity form of the IK2 receptor?
the trimeric form with IL2 a,b,g (most biological functions are mediated with this receptor)
high levels if IL2 favor what?
T cell development
also differentiation of th1, th2 and cd8 cytotoxic cells
what does low levels of IL2 signal for?
differentiation of memory T cells
why is IL2 an important regulator of T cell lineage commitment?
because it inhibits differentiation of th17 and tfh cells
