Cytokines

Question 1

what are cytokines?

Answer 1

proteins that mediate the effector functions of the immune system (small, short lived,

Question 2

what effects can cytokines induce?

Answer 2

change in metabolic or proliferative state, induce transcriptional change

Question 3

In which ways can cytokines release their messages?

Answer 3

autocrine, paracrine, endocrine

Question 4

What is the pleiotropic effect of cytokines?

Answer 4

one cytokine induces different biological effects depending on the target cells

Question 5

What is the redundant effect of cytokines?

Answer 5

two cytokines mediate similar effects on the target cell

Question 6

What is the synergy effect of cytokines?

Answer 6

the combined effect of two cytokines is greater than the additive effect

Question 7

What is the antagonistic effect of cytokines?

Answer 7

inhibition of one cytokines effect by another’s action

Question 8

What is the cascade effect of cytokines?

Answer 8

a cytokine induces other cells to produce additional cytokines in chain

Question 9

what cytokines are unique to Th1?

Answer 9

IFNg, TNFb

Question 10

what cytokines are unique to Th2?

Answer 10

IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13

Question 11

Cytokines IL6, TNFa, and IL6 are grouped as ______

Answer 11

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 12

cytokines TGFb is a ______ cytokine

Answer 12

anti inflammation
(down regulates inflammation and promotes tissue repair)

Question 13

what does IL 8 do?

Answer 13

chemokine, affect lymphocyte movement

induces adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells

Question 14

adhesion molecules function as:

Answer 14

costimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells to activate MHC II restricted T cells in association with MHC class I to activate cytotoxic T cells

Question 15

what is diapedesis?

Answer 15

migration of activated leukocytes to sites of inflammation

Question 16

what are the families of adhesion molecules?

Answer 16

selectins, integrins, immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules, cadherins

Question 17

Cytokines can also regulate _____ via
EPO, MG-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, IK3, IL2

Answer 17

hematopoiesis

Question 18

what are some common cytokine receptor subunits?

Answer 18

gp130

and gammac, betac

Question 19

What is IL2?

Answer 19

autocrine produced by T cells

Question 20

what controls IL2 action?

Answer 20

binding affinity to its receptor CD25

Question 21

what is the highest affinity form of the IK2 receptor?

Answer 21

the trimeric form with IL2 a,b,g (most biological functions are mediated with this receptor)

Question 22

high levels if IL2 favor what?

Answer 22

T cell development
also differentiation of th1, th2 and cd8 cytotoxic cells

Question 23

what does low levels of IL2 signal for?

Answer 23

differentiation of memory T cells

Question 24

why is IL2 an important regulator of T cell lineage commitment?

Answer 24

because it inhibits differentiation of th17 and tfh cells

Question 25

go over the immunotherapeutic agents

Answer 25

SLIDE 237

Question 26

GO OVER CYTOKINE RECEPTORS IN CLINICAL USE

Answer 26

SLIDE 238

Question 27

what is receptor decoy?

Answer 27

some drugs can make decoy receptors to bind the cytokines to reduce their effects

ex soluble TNF receptor