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E1 Inflammationm Infection And Healing > Adaptive Immunity, B and T structure, receptors, and antibody > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity, B and T structure, receptors, and antibody Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between B and T cell receptors?

A

B: contains antibody of defined specificity
T: specific for peptides derived from APC degraded antigen presented on MHC molecules

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2
Q

what is the structure of a B cell receptor?

A

antigen binding specificity expressed with co-receptor involved in signa transduction
2 identical heavy chain
2 identical light chain

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3
Q

when is B cell activated?

A

when antigens bind
(antigen can bind to one or two b cells which connects them)

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4
Q

what are the coreceptor molecules for B cell receptor?

A

Iga (alpha), igb (beta)

transduce signals via ITAMS

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5
Q

antibody has two forms:

A

membrane bound form and secreted Ig form

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6
Q

what is the membrane bound form of antibodies?

A

serves as a signal receptor on B lymphocytes

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7
Q

what is the secreted Ig form on antobodies?

A

do not have cytosolic segment, instead hydrophobic segment

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8
Q

where are antibodies made?

A

B lymphocytes or plasma cells (highly differentiated B lymph that are specialized in secretion of antibodies)

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9
Q

most antibodies are: (structure)

A

divalent
two symmetrical binding sites to allow cross linking

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10
Q

what is special about the hinge region of the antibody?

A

proline rich area that allows extension

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11
Q

what bond hods antibody structure together

A

disulfide
(has domains that are aso hed together by disulfide bonds)

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12
Q

what possibilities make up the light chain?

A

kappa or lambda

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13
Q

what possibilities make up the heavy chain?

A

Mu
gamma
alpha
delta
Epsilon

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14
Q

how are immunoglobulins categorized?

A

which heavy chain is used

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15
Q

what are the domains of an antibodies?

A

–variable light and heavy
–constant light
–CH1,2,3

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16
Q

what is in the N terminal of amino acids?

A

antigen binding sites (Fab)

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17
Q

what is at the C termina of antibodies?

A

Fc, crystallization (mediates effector activities)

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18
Q

antigen bind to ______ derived by _______

A

antigen bind to the Fab fragment derived by the papain digestion from an antibody
(bind to determent from variable light and heavy chain)

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19
Q

describe antigen antibody binding

A

one end of the Fab fragment (paratope) directly interacts with HA’s surface burying several amino acid residues. together these amino acids define the epitope

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20
Q

what is a hypervariable region?

A

within the variable region, these AA make the closest contact with antigen at antigen binding sites
-these AA give the antibody its specify

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21
Q

what is another name for hypervariable region?

A

complementary-determining regions, CDRs (1,2 or 3)

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22
Q

what bonds form between antigen/antibody?

A

non-covalent
(van der waal, electrostatic, hydrogen, hydrophobic)

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23
Q

describe the fit of antigen/antibody bonds?

A

require a close stearic fit
closer the fit the higher the affinity (binding specificity)

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24
Q

what is antibody affinity?

A

strength of bond between singe antigenic determinant and singe combining site on antibody (may be mutivalent)

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25
Q

what is the difference between affinity and avidity?

A

affinity is strength of individual bond
avidity is strength of multiple bonds

26
Q

what are t cell receptors structurally similar to?

A

immunoglobulin domains

27
Q

what is the structure of a T cell receptor?

A

α and β, each has Variable and Constant regions
Variable regions have three CDRs forming the peptide-specific binding site
Constant regions each contain transmembrane regions

28
Q

TCR αβ recognizes and binds:

A

both antigen-derived peptide and MHC to which peptide is bound

29
Q

what are some co-receptors on T cells?

A

– CD3 contains ITAMs that transmit signals to the cell
– CD4 and CD8 function in increasing the avidity of peptide binding by TCR
– CD28 engages CD80 or CD86 on APC to fully activate a naive T cell

30
Q

what is phosphorylated on ITAMs?

A

CD3 (T cells) and Igα/β (B cells)

31
Q

Phosphorylated tyrosines serve as docking points for

A

adapter molecules

32
Q

what is clonal selection?

A
  • When the B/T cell receptors engage with that antigen, the B/T cell becomes activated (also called “selected”)
  • Activation results in proliferation, producing a large number of clones
33
Q

what are the 5 types of immunoglobulins?

A

IgM
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgD
(good chart on 111)

34
Q

What is the shape of IgG?

A

monomer

35
Q

where is IgG found?

A

blood steam and tissue fluid

36
Q

what is special about IgG?

A

it can cross placenta (not IgG2)

37
Q

what are the actions of IgG?

A

agglutinates
* precipitates
* opsonizes
* mediates ADCC
* activates complement
* neutralizes

38
Q

what is opsonization?

A

IgG anchors bacteria to phagocytes for easier digestion

39
Q

what is antibody dependent ceII mediated cytotocity?

A

IgG anchors bacteria for NK ceIIs

40
Q

what is the shape of IgM?

A

pentamer

41
Q

what is special about the composition of IgM? (2 things)

A

has J chain that connects its parts

H chain had extra domain (CH4)

42
Q

where is the membrane form of IgM expressed?

A

monomer version expressed on the ceII surface of early B ceIIs to serv ad BCR

43
Q

what are the jobs of IgM

A
  • Agglutinates (has 5 binding sites)
  • Activates complement.
  • First immunoglobulin produced in an immune response
  • First immunoglobulin produced in infants
  • Provide early protection
  • Produced in response to T-independent antigens
  • Most efficient antibody for agglutination precipitation and complement fixation
  • Low affinity
  • Poor neutralization
44
Q

What is special about IgD?

A

not secreted, surface bound to mature B cells

45
Q

what does IgD do?

A

signal receptor
triggers further differentiation of B lymphocyte

46
Q

where are IgA found?

A

externa secretions, colostrum, mil, saliva, mucus, sweat, tears

47
Q

what does IgA do?

A

agglutinates
neutralizes

48
Q

which immunoglobulins have extra domains?

A

E & M

49
Q

what is IgE associated with?

A

allergies and sensitivities

50
Q

what occurs during the antigen independent stage?

A

generation of vast repertoire of B/T cells with out antigen telling specifics

51
Q

Diversity within the antibody repertoire is achieved by:

A
  1. Selection of many mini-gene segments
  2. Recombination to join the randomly selected mini- gene segments
  3. Addition & deletion of nucleotides during joining of mini-gene segments
  4. Association of different light and heavy chains to form binding sites
52
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END OF THIS ECTURE WHATIS IT??

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E1 Inflammationm Infection And Healing (9 decks)

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