Cytokines Flashcards
define CYTOKINES…?
Low molecular weight, soluble proteins Produced in response to microbes and other antigens/ Used for cellular communications
IFN-gamma …….NK,TH1,MQ and ……… b-cells,TH2
Activate/inhibit
They are involved in all aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response including:
Inflammation
• Cellular growth and differentiation
• Repair.
The cytokine do all the work is called…..
Pleiotropism
More than one cytokine do the same work……
Redundancy
Complete each others work…
Synergy
Stop each others work…..
Antagonism
Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to specific membrane receptors on target cells (………….,…………. or……………..)
autocrine, paracrine or endocrine manner
They may act in a………… manner
Cascade
……….is when the cell working on herself
………is when the cell working on niehboring cells
……….. is when the cell working on far organs
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine mannar
There are three functional categories of cytokines
regulate innate IR
regulate adaptive IR→ cmir+hmir+↓of Ir
stimulate hematopoiesis(bm)
Regulators of innate immunity
(Proinflammatory) from innate cells
Tnf-a,IL-1,IL-6, IL-8
IL-12 + type 1 interferons
Regulators of adaptive immunity
CMIR→(th1)»IL-2,TNF-b, Type ll IFN
HMIR →IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Inhibition of IR →IL-10, TGF-b
Stimulators of hematopoiesis(BM)
SCF ,CSFs, IL-3, IL-7
Innate Immune Responses
• Produced primarily by…………… () and…………. cells
Produced primarily in response to
PAMPs such as……
Can also be produced by..…………,………
MQ +dendritic/ LPS
T lymphocytes +NK cells
Most act on…………. and the
endothelial cells lining blood vessels in
order to promote and control the early
inflammatory response.
leukocytes
Regulators of innate immunity (TNF-α)produced by…………./………../…….
It is the principle cytokine that mediates………. inflammation
In excessive amounts it also is the principal cause of systemic complications such as the…………….
MQ /dendritic cell/TH1
Acute
shock cascade
TNF-a At low concentration
Acts on endothelial cells to stimulate……………… and……………
• Activates………….,………… and………
• Stimulates endothelial cells and MQ to produce ……
• Stimulates the…… to produce acute phase proteins.(IL-1)
Stimulates the synthesis of collagen in………..……..and.
……………..
• Interacts with the hypothalamus to induce…….. (endogenous pyrogen). (IL-1)
Inflammation & coagulation
Neutrophils & MQ&dendritic cells
Chemokines
Liver
wound healing+ tissue repair
Fever
TNF-a is………. for some tumor cells
cytotoxic
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Produced by……,……..,………..
Similar to TNF-α and works………….. with it as a mediator of the acute inflammatory response
•It stimulates activation of……lymphocytes and
………….release.
•It stimulates proliferation of…. lymphocytes.
MO ,MQ, dendritic cells
synergistically
T / IL-2
B
IL-6
Produced by?……..,…….,……
Action?…………………………………………..,
Activates……………. cells and………….
• Stimulates the proliferation of…. lymphocytes.
TH2,MQ,endothelial cells
stimulates the liver to produce acute phase protein (strongest)
Endothelial &neutrophils
B
Chemokines
Chemoattractant cytokines that enable the migration of…………. from the blood to the…………. at the site of inflammation.
They are key mediators of………….
Chemokines are produced by many cells including…………………………….
leukocytes/tissues
inflammation
macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells, T cells and fibroblasts
Alpha-chemokines
have two adjacent cysteines separated by another amino acid (Cys-X-Cys; C-X-C). They attract:: (MNND) مندي ……………………………….. e.g IL-….and……….
Beta-chemokines:
have two adjacent
cysteines (Cys-Cys; C-C). They attract::(MM)
……………..and…………and are
produced by activated…. cells
e.g ………../………..
(MNND) مندي neutrophils,monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells
8 & eotaxins
Monocytes& macrophages / T
RANTES & MCAF
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
It is produced mainly by……………….and…………… cells.
• Principal mediator of early innate immune responses to…………. microbes.
• It is also a key inducer of…..
Stimulate the differentiation of ……to …..producing…..
Enhance cells cytolytic activity.
MQ& dendretic cells
Intracellular
CMI
TH0\IFNgamma/TH1
NK
