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Immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

define CYTOKINES…?

A

Low molecular weight, soluble proteins Produced in response to microbes and other antigens/ Used for cellular communications

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2
Q

IFN-gamma …….NK,TH1,MQ and ……… b-cells,TH2

A

Activate/inhibit

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3
Q

They are involved in all aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response including:

A

Inflammation
• Cellular growth and differentiation
• Repair.

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4
Q

The cytokine do all the work is called…..

A

Pleiotropism

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5
Q

More than one cytokine do the same work……

A

Redundancy

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6
Q

Complete each others work…

A

Synergy

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7
Q

Stop each others work…..

A

Antagonism

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8
Q

Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to specific membrane receptors on target cells (………….,…………. or……………..)

A

autocrine, paracrine or endocrine manner

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9
Q

They may act in a………… manner

A

Cascade

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10
Q

……….is when the cell working on herself
………is when the cell working on niehboring cells
……….. is when the cell working on far organs

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine mannar

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11
Q

There are three functional categories of cytokines

A

regulate innate IR

regulate adaptive IR→ cmir+hmir+↓of Ir

stimulate hematopoiesis(bm)

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12
Q

Regulators of innate immunity
(Proinflammatory) from innate cells

A

Tnf-a,IL-1,IL-6, IL-8
IL-12 + type 1 interferons

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13
Q

Regulators of adaptive immunity

A

CMIR→(th1)»IL-2,TNF-b, Type ll IFN
HMIR →IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Inhibition of IR →IL-10, TGF-b

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14
Q

Stimulators of hematopoiesis(BM)

A

SCF ,CSFs, IL-3, IL-7

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15
Q

Innate Immune Responses
• Produced primarily by…………… () and…………. cells

Produced primarily in response to
PAMPs such as……
Can also be produced by..…………,………

A

MQ +dendritic/ LPS
T lymphocytes +NK cells

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16
Q

Most act on…………. and the
endothelial cells lining blood vessels in
order to promote and control the early
inflammatory response.

A

leukocytes

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17
Q

Regulators of innate immunity (TNF-α)produced by…………./………../…….

It is the principle cytokine that mediates………. inflammation

In excessive amounts it also is the principal cause of systemic complications such as the…………….

A

MQ /dendritic cell/TH1
Acute
shock cascade

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18
Q

TNF-a At low concentration

Acts on endothelial cells to stimulate……………… and……………

• Activates………….,………… and………

• Stimulates endothelial cells and MQ to produce ……

• Stimulates the…… to produce acute phase proteins.(IL-1)

Stimulates the synthesis of collagen in………..……..and.
……………..
• Interacts with the hypothalamus to induce…….. (endogenous pyrogen). (IL-1)

A

Inflammation & coagulation

Neutrophils & MQ&dendritic cells

Chemokines

Liver

wound healing+ tissue repair

Fever

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19
Q

TNF-a is………. for some tumor cells

A

cytotoxic

20
Q

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Produced by……,……..,………..

Similar to TNF-α and works………….. with it as a mediator of the acute inflammatory response

•It stimulates activation of……lymphocytes and
………….release.
•It stimulates proliferation of…. lymphocytes.

A

MO ,MQ, dendritic cells
synergistically
T / IL-2
B

21
Q

IL-6

Produced by?……..,…….,……
Action?…………………………………………..,
Activates……………. cells and………….
• Stimulates the proliferation of…. lymphocytes.

A

TH2,MQ,endothelial cells

stimulates the liver to produce acute phase protein (strongest)
Endothelial &neutrophils
B

22
Q

Chemokines

Chemoattractant cytokines that enable the migration of…………. from the blood to the…………. at the site of inflammation.

They are key mediators of………….

Chemokines are produced by many cells including…………………………….

A

leukocytes/tissues

inflammation

macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells, T cells and fibroblasts

23
Q

Alpha-chemokines
have two adjacent cysteines separated by another amino acid (Cys-X-Cys; C-X-C). They attract:: (MNND) مندي ……………………………….. e.g IL-….and……….

Beta-chemokines:

have two adjacent
cysteines (Cys-Cys; C-C). They attract::(MM)
……………..and…………and are
produced by activated…. cells
e.g ………../………..

A

(MNND) مندي neutrophils,monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells

8 & eotaxins

Monocytes& macrophages / T
RANTES & MCAF

24
Q

Interleukin-12 (IL-12)

It is produced mainly by……………….and…………… cells.

• Principal mediator of early innate immune responses to…………. microbes.
• It is also a key inducer of…..

Stimulate the differentiation of ……to …..producing…..

Enhance cells cytolytic activity.

A

MQ& dendretic cells
Intracellular
CMI
TH0\IFNgamma/TH1
NK

25
Q

Type I IFNs (virus infected cells)

IFN-α (leukocyte IFN): produced by……… phagocytes.

IFN-β (fibroblast IFN): produced by………….

A

Mononuclear
fibroblasts

26
Q

Type I IFNs

Provides an early innate immune response against………….

Increases MHC class…… expression on
viral infected cells helping their recognition by………….. T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill them.

Activates cells.

A

Viruses
II
Cytotoxic
NK

27
Q

Cytokines that Regulate Adaptive Immune Responses

Produced primarily by… lymphocytes

They function in the proliferation and differentiation of……………….,………………

A

T

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

28
Q

Th0»IL-2 /IL-4 /IFN-y→
Th1→ IL-…,…….,…….

                                    Th2→ IL-… IL-… IL-…
A

IL-2 /INF gamma/TNF alpha&beta

IL-4 IL-6 IL-10

29
Q

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

IL-2 is produced mainly by….. lymphocytes and to a lesser extent….lymphocytes.

Action:
IL-2 is a growth factor+↑ the killing ability of…….

It stimulates antibody synthesis by… lymphocytes

Activates……./….. cell proliferation

A

CD4+ /CD8+
NK
B
macrophages
T

30
Q

Type II Interferon (IFN-gam)

Produced by……. cells,…… cells and…. cells

It has…………… actions more than……….. actions.

Stimulates the differentiation of TH0 into……. cells and inhibits its differentiation into…. cells.

A

TH1/CD8/NK

immunoregulatory/antiviral

TH1/TH2

31
Q

Stimulates B cells to produce…. subclasses /promote……… and mediates……

A

IgG

opsonization/ADCC

32
Q

TNF-β

Produced by………………

locally acting cytokine and not a mediator of systemic complications.

A

TH1 lymphocytes.

33
Q

IL-4

IL-4 is produced mainly by ……..cells and……. cells.

It stimulates the development of TH2 cells from TH0 and thus inhibits……….

…………..macrophage activation by IFNγ.

It stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-activated……. lymphocytes and the production of……(major production )&mast cell

A

TH2/mast
CMI
inhibits
B/IgE

34
Q

IL-13 (same as IL-4)

Produced primarily by…… cells.

Increases the production of…….. by B lymphocytes.

Increases mucus production by lung epithelial cells and may play a role in……

A

TH2

IgE

asthma

35
Q

IL-5

IL-5 is produced mainly by… cells.

IL-5 is a growth and activating factor for…………….. as a defense against helminths

A

TH2

eosinophils

36
Q

TH-17 (IL-17, 21, 22)
{IL-17}
Stimulate phagocyte & mucosal epithelial cells→IL-…,IL-…&neutrophil-attracting chemokines
Neutrophils→——-
Macrophages→–…….

A

IL-1 IL-6

Chemokines
↑ Chemokines+ cytokine production

37
Q

TH-17 (IL-17, 21, 22)
{IL-21}

Th-17 cell……….

B cells: isotype switching to all…. subclasses

A

Autocrine
Ig

38
Q

TH-17 (IL-17, 21, 22)
{IL-22}

Stimulates mucosal epithelial cells → ↑production of
……………..,…………

A

Defensins
• Tight junction protein

39
Q

Th-17 cytokines + recruited neutrophils=

A

Defend barrier tissues against bacterial & fungal infections

40
Q

• Patients with IL-17 deficiency=

A

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

41
Q

Cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis

Stimulate the growth & differentiationof immature……..
1- stem cell factor made by ……. It makes the BM more responsive to ………/Promotes differentiation and survival of……..

A

leukocytes

bone marrow stromal cells
Various CSFs

stem cells

42
Q

Cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis
IL-7

Produced by ………

Acts on immature…………………….. and promotes expansion and maturation of T and B lymphocytes.

IL-3
Made by ………

IL-3 supports the growth of………………………………

A

bone marrow stromal cells.

lymphoid progenitors

T lymphocytes

multi- lineage bone marrow stem cells

43
Q

Cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)
Produced by …………………………..
It produces………,……..,……

Promotes growth and differentiation of…………. and…………… (neutrophils and macrophages).
الناس اللي عندهم ليكوبينا راح نعطيهم من الفاكتور حقت النخاع العظم

A

T cells, macrophages,endothelial cells and bone marrow stromal cells.
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF

granulocytes

myeloid cells

44
Q

Inhibitory Cytokines
IL-10
Produced by ………….
Inhibit the production of……..+…..
Down regulate Both the……….immunity +specific …..
Inhibit MHC class…&…….

A

Th2 ,Treg ,MQ
IL-12 / IFN-g
Innate / cmir
II & antigen presenting cells

45
Q

Inhibitory Cytokines

Transforming growth factor-beta TGF-B
Produced by……..
Inhibits the proliferation function of …&…………..+.. + ………
It also promotes …….production & ………

A

Treg MQ
T&B lymphocytes / NK /MQ
IgA /tissue repair

Immunology (10 decks)

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