Autoimmunity Flashcards
What is an Autoimmune disease???
It is an illness that occurs when the body tissues are attacked by its own immune system.
Individual’s immune system normally does not react against self antigen due to…………… developed to self antigens (…………….).
tolerance (self tolerance)
A specific unresponsiveness to self antigen
Self tolerance
What are the Mechanisms of self tolerance??
Central(primary lymphoid organs)→negative selection
Peripheral (out of the primary)
Acquired during embryonic life in primary lymphoid organs is……….. tolerance
Central
A transcription factor called the…………………….. (AIRE) causes enhanced synthesis of an of self proteins in the………
autoimmune regulator/ thymus
هذا البروتين AIRE مهمته انه يختبر الخلايا التائيه اللي لسا ما تخرجو عن طريق انه يسوي self Ag عشان يختبرهم و يشوف هل في احد يذبحه او لا واللي يذبحه حي سوي له ……………طبعا كل هذا يصير في ……….،…………
Clonal delation/BM thymic
Mutations in the gene encoding the AIRE protein»
autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
the process of receptor editing
B-cell precursors bearing an antigen receptor that strongly binds a self-protein are subject to …………………….or………..
However, the clones can escape this fate by a process called………………….
In this process, a new, different…… chain is produced
……cells do not undergo receptor editing.
clonal deletion (apoptosis) /anergy
receptor editing
Light
T
What if the cell is out of the primary organs and its autoreactive this is what we call it ………………….
Peripheral tolerance
Energy happens to the t-cells when the APC don’t produce……. for the T-cells→………………………
B7
unresponsivness of the T-cells
Explain the helplessness state
It’s when the b-cells needs help but the t-cells can’t help so the b-cells can’t complete their tasks
T.g.f-B/ lL- 10/Treg→
Prevent autoimmune disease
Activation of naïve T cells to become effector cells can be suppressed by nearby…………… T
cells, resulting in anergy or apoptosis
The naïve T cells themselves can undergo differentiation into…… at the time of their activation
Regulatory
Tregs
Sequestered Ag (hidden Ag) ex:
Immunologically privileged sites ex:
Mother and fetus
Brain, eye,testis,uterus
