CYST (man &manag) Flashcards by Love Dog | Brainscape

Q

a pathologic space lined with epithelium

A

CYSTS

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Q

T or F

pseudocysts are lined with epithelium

A

False

(pseudocysts are NOT lined with epithelium)

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Q

HOW IT STARTED

→ periapical infections

→ chronic and acute pathways that untreated infections and their
accompanying clinical lesions may take depending on the type of the ____, ____, _____

A

preceding pulpitis, virulence of the bacteria, and the presence or absence of drainage

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Q

origin/etiology

dental lamina remnants

A

RUSHTON BODIES

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Q

origin/etiology

sources of ameloblastoma

A

RUSHTON BODIES

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Q

Cysts derived from:

A

Rests of Malassez

Reduced Enamel Epithelium

Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)

Unclassified

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Q

→ periapical cyst
→ residual cyst

A. Rests of Malassez
B. Reduced Enamel Epithelium
C. Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)
D. Unclassified

A

A

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Q

→ dentigerous cyst
→ eruption cyst

A. Rests of Malassez
B. Reduced Enamel Epithelium
C. Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)
D. Unclassified

A

B

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Q

→ odontogenic keratocyst
o multiple

→ lateral periodontal cyst
o polycystic (botryoid)

A. Rests of Malassez
B. Reduced Enamel Epithelium
C. Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)
D. Unclassified

A

C

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Q

→ gingival cyst of the adult
→ dental lamina cyst of the newborn
→ glandular odontogenic cyst

A. Rests of Malassez
B. Reduced Enamel Epithelium
C. Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)
D. Unclassified

A

C

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Q

paradental cyst

A. Rests of Malassez
B. Reduced Enamel Epithelium
C. Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)
D. Unclassified

A

D

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF CYSTS

A

→ odontogenic cysts
→ non-odontogenic
→ soft tissue cysts of the neck
→ pseudocysts

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Q

→ periapical cyst
→ dentigerous cyst
→ eruption cyst
→ lateral periodontal cyst
→ gingival cyst of the newborn
→ odontogenic keratocyst
→ calcifying odontogenic cyst
→ primordial cyst
→ residual cyst

Are what CLASSIFICATION OF CYSTS?

A

ODONTOGENIC CYSTS

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Q

also called radicular or apical periodontal cyst

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

their epithelial lining is from growth of Rests Cells of Malassez

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

→ develops from a periapical granuloma; this is a chronic inflammation
→ a product of necrotic pulp tissue
→ when the epithelial rest cells of malassez are stimulated in
response to inflammation, a cyst is formed

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

→ increase in fluid will increase the size of the cyst
→ osteoclasts will resorb bone, resulting to cyst expansion
→ other bone resorbing factors are:
o prostaglandins
o interleukins
o proteinases

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ almost half or 3⁄4 of cysts in the oral cavity
→ most affected are maxillary incisors
→ asymptomatic, discovered only by routine radiograph
→ cannot differentiate from granuloma by x-ray
→ round or ovoid

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

→ Russel bodies are round
→ Rushton bodies are hairpin-shaped; sign of previous
hemorrhage

A

PERIAPICAL CYST

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Q

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
Of PERIAPICAL CYST

A

→ extraction
→ followed by curettage of apical area
→ RCT with apicoectomy if RCT does not resolve
→ if epithelium is left, residual cyst will form

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Q

also known as follicular cyst

A

DENTIGEROUS CYST

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Q

→ 2nd most common odontogenic cyst
→ associated with crown of unerupted or developing tooth

A

DENTIGEROUS CYST

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Q

DIFFERENCE FROM PRIMORDIAL CYST
→ both are attached to the crown of unerupted or developing tooth but the dentigerous cyst is attached on the _____

A

Cervical area

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Q

enamel organ (its remnants are called REE)

A

DENTIGEROUS CYST

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Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ common in 3rd molars & maxillary canines
→ late eruption of tooth
→ well-defined unilocular radiolucency

A

DENTIGEROUS CYST

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Q

HISTOPATHOLOGY
→ cyst lining is stratified squamous epithelium
→ 4-6 layers thick

A

DENTIGEROUS CYST

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Q

DENTIGEROUS CYST TREATMENT

A

→ remove tooth involved

→ enucleation
o complete removal of the whole lesion including the lining of the cyst; thus, exposing the adjacent bone

→ if cyst is too big, marsupialization is done

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Q

→ untreated dentigerous cyst can become ____

→ if mucous cells are present, cyst can become _____

A

ameloblastoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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Q

a dentigerous cyst resulting from fluid accumulation within the follicular space of an erupting tooth

A

ERUPTION CYST

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Q

→ the epithelial lining is REE

→ trauma can cause blood to pool within the tissue space and is
called an “________”

A

eruption hematoma

(ERUPTION CYST)

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Q

ERUPTION CYST txt

A

none because the tooth will erupt through the cyst and it disappears

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Q

round or teardrop-shaped

A

LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST

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Q

common in mandibular premolar and cuspids and maxillary
lateral incisors

A

LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST

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Q

a lateral periodontal cyst which is multilocular

A

BOTRYOID ODONTOGENIC CYST

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Q

LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST
Txt.

A

local excision

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Q

also known as dental lamina cyst of the newborn

A

GINGIVAL CYST OF THE NEWBORN

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Q

also known as Bohn’s nodules

A

GINGIVAL CYST OF THE NEWBORN

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Q

→ found along alveolar ridge
→ origin:
o remnants of dental lamina within alveolar ridge

A

GINGIVAL CYST OF THE NEWBORN

Q

GINGIVAL CYST OF THE NEWBORN txt.

A

none; they degenerate or rupture into the cavity before 3 months of age

Q

SIMILAR CYSTS
→ palatine cysts of the newborn or Epstein pearls

→ origin:
o remnants in the fusion lines between palatal shelves and nasal processes

A

GINGIVAL CYST OF THE NEWBORN

Q

a cyst which occurs in place of a tooth owing to cystic degeneration of an enamel organ

A

PRIMORDIAL CYST

Q

→ globulomaxillary lesions
→ nasolabial cyst
→ median mandibular cyst
→ nasopalatine canal cyst

Are CLASSIFICATION OF what CYSTS?

A

NON-ODONTOGENIC CYSTS

Q

→ origin:
o odontogenic epithelium located between maxillary lateral
incisor and canine

o it shows a radiolucency between these 2 teeth

A

GLOBULOMAXILLARY LESIONS

Q

pear-shaped

A

GLOBULOMAXILLARY LESIONS

Q

→ pathogenesis:

o epithelial cells trapped at the fusion of globular portion of
the nasal & maxillary processes

o may also come from solid cord cells that forms the
nasolacrimal duct

A

NASOLABIAL CYST

Q

origin:

o there is a mesenchyme tissue that gradually becomes lost as
the mandible develops and the embryonic processes does not fuse

A

MEDIAN MANDIBULAR CYST

Q

also known as incisive canal cyst

A

NASOPALATINE CYST

Q

located inside nasopalatine canal or inside palatal soft tissues at the opening of the canal; thus, may be termed as cyst of palatine papilla

A

NASOPALATINE CYST

Q

heart-shaped

A

NASOPALATINE CYST

Q

all of the above terms fall under the general term: ________

o many believe this term means the cyst is in the posterior area of the nasopalatine canal

o the median alveolar cyst is in the anterior area of the nasopalatine canal

A

median palatine cyst

Q

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

BRANCHIAL CYST

Classification?

A

SOFT TISSUE CYSTS

Q

form of cystic teratoma

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

→ derived from embryonic germinal epithelium

→ presumed to be derived from enclavement (retention due to
constriction) of epithelial debris in the midline during closure of
the mandibular and hyoid branchial arches

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

looks like a golf ball

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

→ majority occurs in young adults

→ a bulge in the floor of the mouth is seen and the tongue
becomes elevated
o because of elevation, there is difficulty in eating and
talking

→ when the cyst is palpated, it is dough-like or soft

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

→ derived from embryonic germinal epithelium

→ presumed to be derived from enclavement (retention due to
constriction) of epithelial debris in the midline during closure of
the mandibular and hyoid branchial arches

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

connective tissue wall:
o lined on the inner surface by a thin layer of stratified
squamous epithelium

contains:
o sebaceous glands
o hair follicles
o sweat glands

A

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST

Q

lumen contains sebaceous material and keratin

A. Dermoid Cyst
B. Epidermoid Cyst

A

A

Q

lumen contains only keratin

A. Dermoid Cyst
B. Epidermoid Cyst

A

B

Q

DERMOID AND EPIDERMOID CYST txt.

A

→ surgical excision
→ does not recur

Q

location:
o a developmental cyst that form anywhere along the
embryonic thryoglossal tract between the foramen caecum
of the tongue and the thyroid glands

→ as we grow old, it is supposed to be obliterated; however, in
cases it does not, the remnants of the tract become thyroglossal tract cyst

A

THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

Q

→ location:
o sometimes may lie to one side of the midline
o foramen cecum
o floor of the mouth

→ if formed near the tongue, usually cause difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia

A

THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

Q

THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

if occurs:

Above Level of Hyoid Bone

A. lined by stratified squamous epithelium
B. lined by columnar or ciliated columnar epithelium

A

A

Q

THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

if occurs:

Below Level of Hyoid Bone

A. lined by stratified squamous epithelium
B. lined by columnar or ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Q

TREATMENT of THYROGLOSSAL TRACT CYST

A

completed surgical excision

Q

→ slowly growing soft tissue cysts of the neck
→ usually, asymptomatic

A

BRANCHIAL CYST

Q

→ location:
o occurs on the lateral aspect of the neck

o may also occur in the angle of the mandible, submandibular
areas, preauricular area or parotid area

A

BRANCHIAL CYST

Q

ETIOLOGY
→ originates through cystic transformation in tract in the cervical lymph nodes

A

BRANCHIAL CYST

Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ connective tissue wall is lined by stratified squamous or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
→ connective wall of the cyst exhibits lymphoid tissue and contains thin, watery fluid or thick gelatinous mucoid material

A

BRANCHIAL CYST

Q

BRANCHIAL CYST txt.

A

→ through surgical excision
→ recurs if residual remnants are left or if lesion is just drained

Q

→ false cysts
→ appears cystic but has no epithelial lining

A

PSEUDOCYSTS

Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ generally, a lesion in young person’s mostly <20 years old
→ often, a history of traumatic injury is noted
→ usually a tender or painful which limits the movement of the
affected bone

A

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

Q

→ swelling in the bone involved
→ resembles a blood-soaked sponge

A

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

Q

RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
→ expanded bone
→ tooth may be displaced with or without root resorption
→ presence of osteolytic process (lysis of bone or bone destruction)

A

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

Q

appears cystic with honeycomb or soap bubble appearance

A

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ consists of fibrous connective tissue stroma containing cavernous spaces or sinusoidal blood-filled spaces
→ contains:
o young fibroblast
o multinucleated giant cells
→ presence of hemosiderin, new osteoid, and bone formation

A

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

Q

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST txt.
J

A

→ surgical excision with curettage with low doses of radiation

Q

also called developmental Stafne defect or developmental lingual mandibular salivary gland depression

A

STATIC BONE CYST

Q

→ rare change in size; sometimes doesn’t grow at all
→ usually asymptomatic
→ developmental defect = no treatment
→ often, salivary gland depression that lies below the mandibular
canal

A

STATIC BONE CYST

Q

developmental depression of mandible secondary to:

*entrapment of salivary gland parenchyma during the development of mandible

*indentation along the lingual aspect of the mandible within which there’s extension of the submandibular gland

A

STATIC BONE CYST

Q

most affected:
o usually seen in the 2nd or 3rd molar area

A

STATIC BONE CYST

Q

→ also called simple bone cyst, big cyst
→ there is expansion or swelling
→ usually asymptomatic, though on some occasions, patients will
complain of pain

A

TRAUMATIC BONE CYST

Q

→ even if the cyst is big, the teeth involved are usually vital
→ most affected:
o frequently occurs in the mandible (posterior area) lying below the mandibular canal

A

TRAUMATIC BONE CYST

Q

ETIOLOGY
→ obstruction of the duct of the minor or accessory salivary glands due to traumatic severance of a salivary duct

→ if the duct is severed or traumatized, there would be spillage of the mucous to the connective tissue or mucin causing secondary inflammation reaction → granulation tissue formation which will now form around the mucin pool

A

MUCOCELE: MUCUS EXTRAVASATION PHENOMENON

Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ location:
o usually found in the lower lip
→ has peripheral inflammatory change
→ painless mass that contains: o thick mucinous material

→ connective tissue wall:
o made of granulation
→ tissue and fibroblast not lined by epithelium and have a cavity containing mucin in the connective tissue and submucosa

A

MUCOCELE: MUCUS EXTRAVASATION PHENOMENON

Q

→ usually asymptomatic
→ size is usually 3-10 mm
→ usually appears after 50 years old
→ normal color and there are intact overlying mucosa

A

MUCOCELE: MUCOUS RETENTION CYST

Q

sometimes, it will involve the maxillary sinus and if that happens,
you’ll have a dome-shaped, semilunar radiopacity noted along the floor of the sinus

A

MUCOCELE: MUCOUS RETENTION CYST

Q

→ on palpation:
o mobile
o non-tender
o no peripheral inflammatory change

→ location:
o palate
o cheeks
o floor of the mouth

A

MUCOCELE: MUCOUS RETENTION CYST

Q

ETIOLOGY
→ obstruction of salivary flow

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ connective tissue wall:
o lined by pseudostratified columnar or cuboidal epithelium
(true cyst)
→ lack of inflammatory cell infiltrate
→ cystic cavity lined by oncocytes (ductal epithelial cells

A

MUCOCELE: MUCOUS RETENTION CYST

Q

MUCOCELE: MUCOUS RETENTION CYST txt.

A

→ surgical excision and mucus retention cyst
→ complete removal of associated lobules of minor salivary gland
elements
→ to prevent recurrence:
o remove the associated salivary gland acini

Q

a mucocele on the floor of the mouth

A

RANULA

Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ slowly enlarging painless mass
→ bluish-frog cystic lesion
→ usually fluctuant, unilateral soft tissue mass

A

RANULA

Q

RANULA txt

A

TREATMENT
→ marsupialization may be performed before definitive surgical excision
→ because the mass is big, this compresses the lesion (the cyst) into a smaller size