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ORAL PATH > 8 Red Lesions > Flashcards

8 Red Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

also known as red lesions

A

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

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2
Q

a group of fibrous connective tissue that commonly occur in oral mucosa secondary to injury

A

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

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3
Q

→ usually a chronic process
→ usually painless because the nerve does not proliferate with the hyperplastic tissue

A

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

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4
Q

during mastication, these lesions may become secondarily
ulcerated

A

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

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5
Q

True or false

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS has no known etiology

A

True

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6
Q

overexuberant repair; a stimulus causes the tissues repair
itself excessively

A

REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

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7
Q

What does it mean if the REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS has a color Lighter than surrounding tissues?

A

high collagen

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8
Q

What does it mean if the REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS has a color Red?

A

increased granulation tissue

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9
Q

Treatment of REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS

A

treatment:

o removal or modification of the irritating factor

o surgical excision

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10
Q

usually caused by a minor trauma to the tissues providing a pathway for the invasion of non-specific types of microorganisms

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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11
Q

usually caused by calculus or any foreign material within the gingival crevice

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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12
Q

tissues respond to low virulence organisms by overzealous proliferation of vascular type of connective tissues

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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13
Q

hormonal changes of puberty and pregnancy also modify reparative response to injury

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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14
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ lobular mass of granulation tissues
→ neutrophils

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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15
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ not pus-producing
→ reddish
o indicates that it is made of hyperplastic granulation tissue

→ usually found in the gingiva
→ prominent capillaries

A

PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

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16
Q

Txt of PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

A

→ removal of any local etiologic factors
o if calculus, perform oral prophylaxis

→ surgical excision

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17
Q

seen exclusively in the gingiva between the 1st permanent molars and the incisors

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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18
Q

→ presumed to arise in the PDL or from the periosteum

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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19
Q

→ occasionally cause resorption of the alveolar bone because of
the presence of the giant cells → more in females than in males
→ size is usually 1 cm in diameter

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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20
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ hyperplastic granulation tissues
→ chronic inflammatory cells

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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21
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

→ neutrophils
→ abundant multinucleated giant cells

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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22
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
→ cup-shaped radiolucency if on edentulous ridges

A

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

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23
Q

Txt. Of PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

A

→ removal of local factors or irritants
→ surgical excision

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24
Q

→ also called:

Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia

Hyperplastic Scar

A

PERIPHERAL FIBROMA

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25
Q

increase in fiber tissues

A

Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia

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26
Q

highly collagenous, relatively avascular

A

Hyperplastic Scar

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27
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES

→ found in gingiva, anterior to permanent molars
→ can either be:
o pedunculated with a stem
o sessile mass

A

PERIPHERAL FIBROMA

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28
Q

→ color is similar to surrounding tissue
→ rarely causes erosion of the alveolar bone

A

PERIPHERAL FIBROMA

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29
Q

Txt of PERIPHERAL FIBROMA

A

→ removal of etiologic agent
→ surgical excision (including PDL, if involved)

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30
Q

TYPES of PERIPHERAL FIBROMA

A

→ has (3) types:
o Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
o Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
o Giant Cell Fibroma

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31
Q

→ calcified islands seen are presumed to be bone

A

PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA

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32
Q

→ a gingival mass

A

PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA

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33
Q

bone is found in an encapsulated proliferation of plumped benign fibroblasts and chronic inflammatory cells typical location

A

PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA

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34
Q

composed of well-vascularized, non-encapsulated fibrous connective tissue

A

PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA

35
Q

→ usually non-ulcerated
→ distinguishing feature:
o presence of strands of odontogenic epithelium from PDL

A

PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA

36
Q

→ the color is lighter than the surrounding tissues, signifying high collagen content, high fibrous connective tissues

A

IRRITATION FIBROMA

37
Q

a very common reactive hyperplasia found in the buccal mucosa, tongue, or lower lip

→ usually painless, broad base swelling

A

IRRITATION FIBROMA

38
Q

IRRITATION FIBROMA may be part of an autosomal dominant syndrome which is
either

A

o multiple hamartoma syndrome
o Cowden syndrome

39
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ collagen overproduction
→ fibroblasts in collagen matrix

A

IRRITATION FIBROMA

40
Q

Txt of IRRITATION FIBROMA

A

TREATMENT
→ surgical excision
→ recurs if area is traumatized nodule at commissure

41
Q

most cases are non-specific

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

42
Q

an unusual tissue response to chronic inflammation associated
with local factors such as plaque, calculus, or bacteria

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

43
Q

→ hormonal changes and drugs can also potentiate effects on
local factors through gingival tissues

o hormonal changes include: pregnancy, puberty, and
menopause

o drugs appear to have a regulating effect on fibroblast
metabolism or growth rate

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

44
Q

an anticonvulsant drug used to control seizure disorders

A

Dilantin (Phenytoin)

45
Q

irreversible damage; surgical procedure must be done to treat the condition

A

Dilantin (Phenytoin)

46
Q

→ immunosuppressive drug used for transplant patients and treatment of alopecia
→ reversible damage; if medication is stopped, changes will reverse

A

Cyclosporine

47
Q

→ calcium channel blocker used for treatment of angina and arrhythmias
→ reversible damage

A

Nifedipine

48
Q

also known to occur in patients with leukemia

o there is spontaneous pooling of blood in the mouth is
expected

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

49
Q

→ other forms include:
o idiopathic hyperplasia
o hereditary gingival fibromatosis

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

50
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ increase in bulk of free and attached gingiva, especially the interdental papilla
→ lost stippling or gingival margins become rolled and blunted

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

51
Q

consistency of GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA either:

A

Soft & Spongy

Firm & Dense

52
Q

typical generalized gingival hyperplasia

A. Soft & Spongy

B. Firm & Dense

A

A

53
Q

idiopathic hyperplasia & hereditary gingival fibromatosis

A. Soft & Spongy

B. Firm & Dense

A

B

54
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ abundant collagen deposition
→ fibroblasts increase in number

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

55
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

→ capillaries may increase and are prominent
→ in leukemic enlargements, atypical and immature white blood
cells (malignant infiltrate)

A

GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

56
Q

Txt of GENERALIZED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

A

→ good oral hygiene necessary to minimize effects of inflammation on fibrous proliferation
→ gingivoplasty or gingivectomy, in combination with prophylaxis + oral hygiene instructions especially for dilantin hyperplasia

57
Q

also known as epulis fissuratum

A

DENTURE-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

58
Q

→ a very common lesion
→ a form of chronic trauma produced by an ill-fitting denture

A

DENTURE-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

59
Q

CAUSE
bony ridges of mandible and maxilla resorb
with long-term denture use
↓
flanges extend farther into vestibule
↓
chronic irritation + trauma
↓
incite over exuberant fibrous connective tissue reparative response
↓
result into appearance of painless fold of fibrous tissues surrounding overextended dentures flanges

A

DENTURE-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

60
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ usually occurs in the vestibular mucosa where the dentures flange contacts the tissues

A

DENTURE-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

61
Q

Txt of DENTURE-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA

A

TREATMENT
→ construction of a new denture
→ relining of the old denture
→ decreasing the flanges
→ surgical excision usually required
→ reduction in size of lesion may follow prolonged removal of
denture

62
Q

also known as palatal papillomatosis

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

63
Q

CAUSE
→ exact cause appears exclusively on the hard palate and is often related with ill-fitting RPD, which somehow potentiates the growth of candida albicans organisms beneath interface of denture base material and mucosa

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

64
Q

CAUSE

→ related to the process of fungal organisms in a setting of a low-grade form of trauma

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

65
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ involves most frequently the palatal vault and less affects the alveolar ridge

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

66
Q

multiple, erythematous papillary projections that are tightly aggregated, producing an overall verrucous granular or

“cobblestone appearance”

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

67
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ appears as numerous small papillary projections covered with intact parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelium

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

68
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ projections may be slender or almost villous

A

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

69
Q

Txt of PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

A

→ surgical removal
→ electrosurgery
→ laser ablation
→ curettage
→ cryosurgery
→ mucoabrasion
→ reconstruction of denture
→ antifungal therapy (can reduce but cannot cure alone)
→ in mild cases, utilize soft tissue conditioning agents and liners
with frequent changing of lining material
→ removal of appliance at bedtime
→ maintenance of good oral hygiene

70
Q

also known as oral verruca vulgaris

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

71
Q

→ most common papillary lesion of oral mucosa
→ will include papillary and veruccal growths composed of benign
epithelium and connective tissues

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

72
Q

CAUSE
→ human papillomavirus

o a DNA virus with 1 molecule of a double-stranded DNA

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

73
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES
→ usually found in the vermillion border of the lips
→ predilection for hard and soft palate and uvula

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

74
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES

appear as exophytic granular to cauliflower-like surface
alteration

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

75
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES

many, long, thin, finger-like projections extending above the mucosal surface

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

76
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES

each projection is made up of a continuous layer of stratified squamous epithelium

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

77
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
→ represent an exaggerated growth of squamous epithelium
→ many cases demonstrate slight cellular atypia (rapid cellular
turnover)

A

ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

78
Q

Txt of ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

A

surgical removal by routine excision or laser ablation

79
Q

also referred to as ‘gumboil’

A

PARULIS

80
Q

represents a focus of pus in gingival connective tissues

A

PARULIS

81
Q

→ derived from an acute infection
o if the path of least resistance leads to gingival submucosa, soft tissue abscess/parulis is formed
→ usually associated with non-vital tooth

A

PARULIS

82
Q

CLINICAL FEATURES

→ “yellow-white gingival tumescence” with variable amounts of erythema

→ induces pain

A

PARULIS

83
Q

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

→ central cavity filled with pus

A

PARULIS

84
Q

TREATMENT of PARULIS

A

→ treat the acute infection to achieve resolution of gingival abscess
→ root canal treatment or extraction
→ periodontal surgery to reduce pocket depth

ORAL PATH (15 decks)

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