CVS Patho Pots

Question 1

G: Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

1. yellowish plaques
2. ulceration of plaque

Question 2

G: Aneurysm

Answer 2

1. fusiform dilation
2. yellowish atheromatous plaques
3. overlying brownish thrombus material
4. possible rupture need to check for

Question 3

G: Acute MI (4)

Answer 3

1. concentric thickening of left ventricle - hypertrophy
2. darkish area of heamorrhage
3. pale region of coagulative necrosis
4. occlusion of LAD

Question 4

H: Acute MI (2)

Answer 4

coagulative necrosis
1. loss of nuclei, retained cellular outlines
2. interstitial neutrophilic infiltrate

Question 5

G: Healed Infarct (3)

Answer 5

1. left ventricular hypertrophy
2. thinned myocardium post infarct (healing by fibrosis)
3. grey-white colouration of fibrosis

Question 6

G: MI with aneurysm (4)

Answer 6

1. dilated left ventricle
2. thinned wall and fibrosis
3. black thrombus in aneurysm (outpouching)
4. lines of Zahn: alternating pale and dark areas in wall

Question 7

G: LVH (2)

Answer 7

1. concentric thickening
2. enlarged papillary muscle

Question 8

H: LVH

Answer 8

hypertrophy - enlarged cardiomyocytes

Question 9

G: infective endocarditis of aorta (4)

Answer 9

1. left ventricle is hypertrophied and dilated
2. fibrosis and retraction of cusps of aorta
3. large friable brownish vegetations with ulceration
4. fibrous thickening and shortening of chordae tendinae of mitral valve

Question 10

H: infective endocarditis (4)

Answer 10

1. vegetation had neutrophils
2. fibrin present
3. dead or alive bacteria
4. possible bleeding

Question 11

G: Rheumatic Heart Disease (4)

Answer 11

1. mitral valve stenosis causing left atrial dilation
2. left ventricle hypertrophy
3. fibrosis and retraction of cusps of aortic valve
4. fibrous thickening and shortening of chordae tendinae of mitral valve

Question 12

H: Rheumatic Heart Disease (2)

Answer 12

1. Anitschkow cells: activated macrophages with central round nuclei and chromatin condensed onto slender way ribbon shape “caterpillar cells”
2. owls eye

Question 13

G: Pericarditis (2)

Answer 13

1. epicardium appears dry and rough
2. covered by fine granular fibrous exudate - bread and butter appearance

Question 14

H: Pericarditis (3)

Answer 14

1. thickened and edematous pericardium
2. fibrous exudate
3. inflammatory infiltrates

Question 15

G&H: Chronic Venous Congestion (lung) (3)

Answer 15

1. expanded and heavy
2. cut surface is brown due to edema, congestion, and hemosiderin deposits
3. histo shows heart failure cells - macrophages phagocytose RBCs in lungs, hemosiderin deposits in macrophages appear as heart failure cells

Question 16

G: Chronic Venous Congestion (3)

Answer 16

1. liver is diffusely enlarged
2. loss of sharp edges, soft rounded edges
3. cut surface shows nutmeg appearance - alternating dark and light spots, due to centrilobular congestion and haemorrhage interspersed with intact portal tracts