cvs mcq's Flashcards
CV01 [Mar96] [Jul97] [Mar99] [Feb00] [Jul01] [Jul02] [Feb04] In a normal cardiac cycle:
A. RA systole precedes LA systole
B. RV ejection precedes LV ejection in expiration
C. RV contraction precedes LV contraction in inspiration
D. Pulmonary valve closes after aortic in inspiration
E. Pulmonary valve closes before aortic in expiration
a,b,d
CV01b [Jul04] Physiological systole is defined as: A. AV open to AV Close B. MV close to MV open C. MV close to AV Close D. AV open to MV open
c
Version 2: The ‘c’ wave in the JVP corresponds most closely with: A. Peak aortic flow B. Isovolumetric contraction C. Isovolumetric relaxation D. Closure of aortic valve E. Closure of mitral valve
b - beware, if asks for time u actually see it it may be a due to time delay
CV03 [Mar96] [Mar99] [Feb04] In a normal heart at rest the LV end-systolic volume is: A. 10 to 30 ml B. 50 to 70 mls C. 120 to 150 ml D. ?80 - 100 ml
b
CV03b [Mar97] [Jul00] [Apr01] Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is:
A. 10-30 mls
B. 30-50 mls
C. 50-70 mls
D. 70-120 mls
E. 120-150 mls
(Jul 00 & Apr 01 versions recalled as RV EDV rather than LV)
e
CV04 [ad] [Jul98] [Jul01] In moderate exercise, the LV end-systolic volume is: A. 10 mls B. 30 mls C. 70 mls D. 120 mls E. 140 mls
b. but no increase SV in isometric exercise
CV05 [Mar96] [Feb00] [Jul00] Effect of tilting table from flat to head up include:
A. Decreased activation of RAS
B. Changes to skin blood flow occur immediately
C. ?
D. ?
E. None of the above
b
CV07 [ad] [Jul98] [Jul99] [Apr01] Changes with raised intracerebral pressure (ICP):
A. BP increase, HR decrease, RR decrease
B. BP increase, HR increase, RR decrease
C. BP decrease, HR increase, RR increase
D. BP increase, HR decrease, RR increase
E. No change in BP or HR
a
CV08 [Mar96] [Jul97] [Mar98] [Apr01] With increased heart rate: (OR: “With moderate tachycardia:” A. Myocardial oxygen demand increases B. Ratio of systole to diastole increases C. Vascular filling is unchanged D. Prolonged AP E. Decrease in diastolic filling F. Decrease in coronary perfusion G. None of the above
a,b. not e, f cos of compensation
CV10 [Mar96] Which circulation has predominant metabolic control? A. Renal B. Liver C. Lung D. Splanchnic
d
CV10b [Mar02] [Jul02] [Jul03] Local metabolic control is most important in determining flow to: A. Skin B. Lung C. Skeletal muscle D. Kidney E. Liver
c
CV11 [Mar96] Myocardial ischaemia in shock is due mainly to:
A. Decreased coronary artery pressure
B. Increased myocardial O2 demand
C. Decreased myocardial O2 supply
c
CV12 [Mar97] [Mar99] [Jul99] [Jul03] The atrial component of ventricular filling A. 5% B. 10% C. 30% D. 50% E. 80%
c. less in young, more in elderly, heart disease and exercise
CV14 [Mar97] [Jul98] [Mar99] [Feb00] In a 70 kg man 2 metres tall with right atrial pressure of 2 mmHg & aortic root pressure 100 mmHg, the pressure in the dorsum of the foot is: A. 0 mmHg B. 2 mmHg C. 5 mmHg D. 30 mmHg E. >50 mmHg
e if standing. 100 +80 or 20+ 80mmHg in artery, 90mmHg in venous when still,
When moving from a supine to an erect position: A. Mean arterial pressure increases B. Skin perfusion immediately decreases C. Decreased renin-angiotensin II D. Cardiac output increases E. Increased ADH secretion F. TPR increases
f.
e and b too but slower.
CO decreases and SNS compensates
Changes from supine to standing causes: A. Hypotension B. Adrenal gland activation C. ? D. ? E.
both true
CV16 [Mar97] [Jul99] [Mar03] [Jul03] The lowest intrinsic discharge activity resides in the: A. SA node B. AV node C. Bundle branches D. Purkinje fibres E. Ventricular fibres
e. don’t discharge in health. purkinje fibres 15 - 40bpm
March 2003 version: Slowest conduction (velocity) occurs in: A. Atrium B. AV Node C. Bundle of His D. Purkinje Fibres E. Ventricular muscle
b SA 0.5m/s atrial and vent muscle 1m/s AV 0.05m/s His and BB 2m/s purkinjie 4m/s
The hepatic artery : portal vein blood flow ratio is: A. 1 : 10 B. 3 : 1 C. 2 : 1 D. 1 : 6 E. 1 : 3
em but 1:2 better as 500ml:1000ml
CSF production & absorption:
{Diagram of CSF pressure versus flow with lines}
A. Unit for x-axis is mmCSF
B. A is shifted to A1 when paCO2 is 50mmHg
C. ?
D. B is shifted to B1 with hypothermia to 33°C
E. B is shifted to B1 with metabolic acidosis
a
absorption only determined by pressure and some drugs, not paCO2, temp, acidosis but these things will change flow, increased flow will inrease ICP slightly and so increase formation
CV19 [Jul97] [Mar03] [Jul03] [Jul04] Which ONE of the following causes vasodilatation (?vasoconstriction): A. TXA2 B. Serotonin (5HT) C. Endothelin D. Neuropeptide Y E. Angiotensin II F. VIP
f
serotonin can dilate in some vascular beds but mainly constrictor
CV19b [Feb00] Which of the following is not a vasodilator? A. cGRP B. VIP C. Neuropeptide Y D. Bradykinin E. Acetylcholine
c
CV20 [Jul97] [Feb04] Which ONE of the following causes vasoconstriction: A. Serotonin B. Prostacyclin C. Neuropeptide Y D. Substance P E. Alkalaemia F. cGRP G. Oxytocin
a and c
CV20b [Mar99] Which ONE of the following is true?
A. Neuropeptide Y secreted by vagus
B. CGRP present in afferent nerves
b
CV20c [Feb00] Each of the following cause vasoconstriction except: A. Lying down B. Bradykinin C. Carotid occlusion D. Hypovolaemia E. Valsalva manoeuvre
b
lying down vasoconstricts cerebral arteries
CV21 [Jul97] [Apr01] [Jul02] In running 100 metres, the increased oxygen requirements of tissues is met by:
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Increased 2,3DPG
C. Increased erythropoietin
D. Rise in CO2 partial pressure, activating peripheral chemoreceptors
E. Increased oxygen tension
F. Increased arterial CO2 partial pressure, leads to vasodilatation
a
b and c are slow
CO2 goes down if anything (it is lactate and pH that rise and right sift ODC)
CV22 [d] [Jul98] [Mar99] [Jul99] [Jul00] [Apr01] [Feb04] Which one of the following increases heart rate? A. Bainbridge reflex B. Carotid chemoreflex C. Bezold-Jarisch reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex E. Cushing reflex F. Pulmonary chemoreflex G. Stimulation of atrial stretch receptors H. Stretching the atrium I. Stretching the ventricle
a, g and h (all same thing)
D - pulmonary stretch/hering breur can cause tachy too but less correct
peripheral/carotid chemoreflex - vasoconstrict and brady but may be overridde by adrenaline
secretion leading to tachycardia
Central chemoreceptors cause tachpnoea, tachycardia
When lying supine, the pressure difference is greatest between:
C. Anterior tibial artery and vein
B. Pulmonary artery and vein
A. Femoral vein and right atrium
D. Renal afferent arteriole & renal vein
E. ?
a 90 - 10
other
pulm a to v 25 - 5
fem v to RA 6 - 2
renal aff to vein 60 - 4
CV24 [Jul97] [Mar98] Femoral vein pressure decreased most in standing person by: A. Taking a step forward B. Systemic arteriolar constriction C. Systemic arteriolar vasdilatation D. Apnoea
a
CV25 [Jul97] [Feb00] [Jul01] The highest oxygen extraction is found in the: A. Carotid body B. Heart C. Kidney D. Brain
b
CV25b [Mar03] [Jul03] In order of oxygen extraction from highest to lowest: A. Heart > Brain > Kidney B. Kidney > Brain > Heart C. Kidney > Heart > Brain D. Brain > Kidney > Heart E. Heart > Kidney > Brain
a
CV25c [Feb06]
In a resting healthy adult, order of A-v oxygen difference from highest to lowest:
A. heart > liver > skeletal muscle > skin > kidney
B. heart > skeletal muscle > liver > kidney > skin
C. heart > liver > skeletal muscle > kidney > skin
D. liver > heart > skeletal muscle.
E. heart > skeletal muscle > liver > skin > kidneys (which is correct going by Ganong table 32-1)
e
CV26b [d] [Jul98] [Jul99] [Jul01] [Jul03] Feb12
Valsalva manoeuvre during the increased intrathoracic phase:
A. Right ventricular filling reduced in diastole
B. Blood pressure initially decreases
C. Vasoconstriction during phase II
D. Heart rate decreased
c
rv filling increases briefly then decreases
CV26 [Jul97] [Jul00] In the initial phase of the Valsalva manoeuvre:
A. Heart rate increases
B. Cardiac output increases
C. Venous return increases
D. Blood pressure increases transiently
E. Peripheral vascular resistance increases
d
b true initially too
During increased intrathoracic pressure of a Valsalva manoeuvre
A. Diastolic filling of the right ventricle is decreased
B. Arterial baroreceptor activation produces bradycardia
C. Increased venous pressure augments cardiac output
D. Total peripheral resistance is decreased
E. Arterial blood pressure initially decreases
a
CV27 [Jul97] [Feb04] The LAST part of the heart to depolarise is:
A. Base of the left ventricle
B. Base of the right ventricle
C. The apex of the epicardium
D. The endocardium of the right ventricle
a
The fastest conduction velocity is found in: A. SA node B. Atrial muscle C. AV-node D. Bundle of His E. Ventricular conduction system/Purkinje system F. Ventricular muscle G. Left bundle branches H. Right bundle branches
e