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Kin 187 > CVD - Stroke > Flashcards

CVD - Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of stroke

A

Hemorrhagic

Ischemic

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2
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke is when

A

Ruptured blood vessel

Arterial venous malformation

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3
Q

Ischemic stroke is when

A

Obstructed blood flow

Thrombosis or embolism

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4
Q

What is the impact of stroke

A

800,000 people have stroke each year (US)

3 in 4 being first time strokes

Every 4 mins someone dies of stroke

More women than men have strokes

African americans are more impacted by stroke

87% of strokes are ischemic

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5
Q

Atherosclerotic stroke is due to

A

Plaque

Blood clot (thrombosis)

Stop blood supply

Ischemia (lack of oxygen)

Necrosis (death of tissue)

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6
Q

Cardiogenic stroke is due to

A

Blood clot (embolism) from aorta to cerebral circulation

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7
Q

What are the problems associated with stroke

A

Neurologic complications

Right brain

Left brain

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8
Q

What problems are caused when stroke in right brain

A

Paralysis on left side

Vision problems

Quick, inquisitive behaviour style

Memory loss

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9
Q

What problems are caused when stroke in left brain

A

Paralysis on the right side of body

Speech/language problems

Slow, cautious behaviour

Memory loss

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10
Q

What are the common neurlogical problems associated with stroke

A

Chronic gait and balance deficit

Fall risk

Hyperreflexia, spasticity

Coordination difficulties

Pathological reflexes that change base of support at ankle

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11
Q

What are the common Neuropsychological and psychosocial problems associated with stroke

A

Cognitive deficits

Executive dysfunction - reduced attention, distractibility

Communication difficulties

Poor self efficacy

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12
Q

What is the exercise response in stroke patients

A

Overal functional capacity typically low

Peak oxygen uptake is decreased - below 50%

Higher submaximal HR

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13
Q

Exercise intensity with stroke involves

A

Medically supervised

Cycle or treadmill

Strength

Flexibility

Neuromuscular

Functional

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14
Q

Exercise programming with stroke involves

A

Safety first - fall risk, clearance and mobility

Initial and follow up assessments

Safety adaptive equipment

Individual choice and compliance

Slow warm up

Perceived exertion for intensity

Observe for signs of low BP and very high BP

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15
Q

What is the effect of exercise training on stroke

A

Increased aerobic capacity

Improved cardiovascular disease risk

Greater glucose tolerance

Higher brain blood flow and brain function

Greater muscle function (strength and endurance)

Better mobility

Better bone health

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16
Q

______ happens when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked and cause cardiac muscle cell death

A

Heart attack

17
Q

Which of following describes general pathophysiology of chronic heart failure

A

Increase in preload

18
Q

When blood pressure is high, _________ sense the mechanical changes of arteries, and send signal to _____; thus, it stimulates ______ to lower heart rate and overall blood pressure back to normal

A

Baroreceptors, brain, parasympathetic nervous system

19
Q

Right sided heart failure occurs due to back-ups in the area that collects “used” blood.

A

True

20
Q

The most common cause of chronic heart failure is physical inactivity

A

False

21
Q

Cardiac output can be preserved in chronic heart failure

A

False

22
Q

BNP is secreted by atria in response to high blood volume

A

False

23
Q

Angiotensin II is converted from angiotensin I by ACE

A

True

24
Q

Aldosterone is secreted from adrenal gland for water retention in collecting duct

A

True

25
Q

Contractility of the heart can be increased from a direct sympathetic stimulation to the heart

A

True

26
Q

Weakened heart muscle which cannot squeeze the ventricle well describes the typical characteristic of diastolic heart failure

A

False

27
Q

Energy costs of walking are elevated 1.5 to 2 fold due to abnormal biomechanics in stroke patients

A

True

28
Q

Heart rate should be used to detect the intensity of the exercise in stroke patients

A

False

29
Q

Neurological problems, such as hyperreflexia and spasticity, are commonly observed in stroke patients

A

True

30
Q

There will be paralysis on the right side of the body and speech problems if the stroke occurs on the right side of the brain

A

False

Kin 187 (21 decks)

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