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Kin 187 > Austism Spectrum Disorder > Flashcards

Austism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

How many children have ASD

A

1 in 59 children

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2
Q

ASD is one of the

A

Fastest growing developmental disorder

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3
Q

Is there a cure for ASD

A

No

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4
Q

What is ASD

A

A developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behaviour changes

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5
Q

Children with ASD may do what differently

A

Learn
Behave
Interact
Communicate

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6
Q

ASD children have what characteristics

A

Impaired social interaction

Delayed verbal and non verbal communication

Restricted and repetitive behaviour

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7
Q

What is used to assign ASD level

A

DSM - 5

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8
Q

Level 1 is

A

High functioning

Needs support
Patient social and communication skills and repetitive behaviours are only noticeable without support

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9
Q

Level 2 is

A

Moderate functioning

Needs substantial support

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10
Q

Level 3 is

A

Low functioning

Need a lot of support

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11
Q

What are the social signs and symptoms of ASD

A

Avoid eye contact

Trouble engaging or relating to others

Difficulty playing social games or using toys appropriately

Difficulty regulating or showing emotions

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12
Q

What are the communication signs and symptoms of ASD

A

Delay in babbling and/or speaking

Sudden stop or regression in learning to speak

Significant delays in understanding language

Repeating words or phrases

Flat or even voice tone

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13
Q

What are the behaviour signs and symptoms of ASD

A

Repetitive behaviors (hand flapping, rocking, jumping, etc)

Fixation or engaging in a singular activity over and over

GI disorders

Seizures and difficulty sleeping

Sensory processing difficulties with sounds, smells, tastes, etc.

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14
Q

What are the causes/risk factors of ASD

A

There is no one main cause of autism, rather a combination of genetic, non-genetic and environmental factors

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15
Q

What neural problems are seen in ASD

A

Abnormalities in the Frontal lobe and cerebellum

Enlargement of amygdala and hippocampus

More neurons in the prefrontal cortex

Reduced connectivity in frontal brain regions

Thinning of the corpus callosum

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16
Q

The posterior superior temporal sulcus can be

A

Hyperactive

Hypoactive

17
Q

There are differential connectivity of

A

Medial dorsal/anterior thalamus

18
Q

There can be neuro-glial

A

Synaptic dysfunction

19
Q

What types of treatment are there

A

Behaviour and communication approaches

Dietary approaches

Medication to manage high energy levels, ability to focus, depression and seizures

20
Q

What are the secondary conditions of ASD

A

Selective eating

Physical inactivity

Risk factors such as obesity hypertension and dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

21
Q

Exercise testing for ASD involves

A

Proper environment

Attractive and predictable

Same space

Allow time to adapt to new exercise

Age appropriate

Lighting and ventilation

Avoid distractions

Temperature

Appropriate sized equipment

22
Q

What are the general considerations for ASD

A

Children with autism is unique - modify each exercise intervention

Keep explanations simple - provide visuals

Have everything organised

Ask parents what motivates them

Reward and praise

23
Q

What are the special considerations for exercise for ASD

A

Use adaptive equipment

Use percieved exertion scales for children on antipsychotic medication - medication can influence heart rates and BP

Children of low functioning - may need individual sessions

Children of high functioning - may need group sessions

Progress gradually

Give sufficient breaks and avoid overwhelming the child

Look out for negative behaviours such as tantrums etc

24
Q

Are the set exercise prescription

A

No

25
Q

What are the benefits of exercise

A

Improve motor function
Behaviour
Social implications of participating in exercise

26
Q

Juvenile (Type 1) diabetes have increased 23% between 2001 and 2009 in children.

A

False

27
Q

According to the American Heart Association, at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic activity is required every day for children.

A

True

28
Q

Moderate intensity of aerobic exercise recommended for children corresponds to noticeable increase in children’s heart rate and breathing.

A

True

29
Q

Compared to adults, children tend to have ___ systolic blood pressure, ___ respiratory rate, ___ relative oxygen uptake.

A

Lower
Higher
Higher

30
Q

More girls (1 in 42) tend to have ASD than boys (1 in 189).

A

False

31
Q

There is no one main cause of ASD defined; there is no cure for ASD.

A

True

32
Q

Less neurons are found in the prefrontal cortex area of the brain in ASD.

A

False - More

33
Q

Children with autism spectrum disorder have higher tendency to develop _______ when they get older due to higher rate of having ______ in earlier age.

A

Metabolic disease

Risk factors - obesity and hypertension

34
Q

You can use resting and exercise heart rate and blood pressure as a marker of intensity during exercise testing even though children with ASD take antipsychotic medications.

A

False

35
Q

According to DSM-5, levels of ASD are identified based on functioning.

A

True

Kin 187 (21 decks)

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