Children and Adolescents Flashcards
What chronic illnesses has increase in the US
Obesity Asthma - 1 in 10 children Juvenile (type 2) diabetes Cancer Austism ADHD
What is the leading cause of death in children
Cancer
Physical activity in children/adolescents compared to adults
More physically active
Only our youngest children are as physically active as recommended by experts
Most young individuals older than 10 do not meet prevailing physical activity guidelines
Children are _________ __________ to endurance exercise training, resistance training and bone loading
Physiologically adaptive
Prepubescent children have ______
Immature skeletons
Should not participate in excessive amount of vigorous intensity exercise
What physiological responses are lower in children compared to adults in acute exercise
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
What main physiological response is higher in children compared to adults in acute exercise
Heart rate
Physiologic responses to acute graded exercise are qualitatively similar to those seen in adults
True
Exercise testing for clinical or health/fitness purposes is
generally not indicated for children or adolescents - unless there is a health concern
The exercise testing protocol should be based on the reason that the test is being performed and the
Functional capability of the child or adolescent
Children and adolescents should be familiarised with…
Test protocol and procedure before testing to minimise stress and maximise the potential for successful test
Children and adolescent exercise testing using treadmills provides
Higher VO2 peak
HR max
Children and adolescent exercise testing using cycle ergometers provides
Less risk for injury
But need to be correctly sized for the child/adolescent
Children and adolescents are mentally and psychologically
Immature
Require extra motivation and support during the exercise test
Health/fitness testing may be performed outside of clinical setting
True
What are the components of a fitnessgram test battery
Body composition - bmi or skinfold
Cardio respiratory fitness - 1 min run, pacer test
Muscular fitness - pull up/push up test
Flexibility - sit and reach
What is the FITT recommendation for children and adolescents for AEROBIC EXERCISE
Aerobic Exercise
Frequency:
Daily
Intensity:
Moderate to vigerous aerobic exercise
Vigorous at least 3day/wk
Moderate = noticeable increases in HR and breathing
Vigerous = substantial increases in HR and breathing
Time:
Greater or equal to 60 mins a day
Type:
Enjoyable
Develop
Aerobic
What is the FITT recommendation for children and adolescents for MUSCULAR STRENGTHENING
Frequency:
Greater or equal to 3 days/wk
Time:
Greater or equal to 60 mins a day
Type:
Unstructured - tug of war
Structured - lifting weights
What is the FITT recommendation for children and adolescents for BONE STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
Frequency:
≥3 days/wk
Time
As part of 60 min/day or more
Type:
Bone strengthening activities
Such as:
running, jumping rope, basketball, tennis, resistance training, and hopscotch
Children and adolescents may safely participate in strength training if they
Receive proper intruction and supervision
Do 8 to 15 submax reps of an exercise to the point of moderate fatigue before increasing resistance
Why should youth avoid exercise in hot humid environments and make sure to be properly hydrated
Immature thermoregulatory systems
Children and adolescents that are overweight or physically inactive may
Not be able to complete 60 min/day moderate to vigourous
Should start with moderate intensity
May gradually increase the frequency and time
Vigorous intensity can be gradually added at least 3 day/wk
We should try to decrease __________ in children and adolescents
Sedentary activity
