Cancer Flashcards
How many americans does cancer affect
40% in their lifetime
What are the causes of cancer
Some cancer is linked to tobacco use and physical inactivity
Obesity and physical inactivity increase risk of breast cancer in women by 50%
Physical activity reduces risk of colorectal cancer by up to 50%
What is cancer
Resulting from
What does it have a potential to do
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue
Resulting from DNA damage from internal or environmental factors
Has potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body
What is metastasis
Invade or spread of cancer to other parts of the body
Cancer is also the unchecked…
Accumulation of cells and altered cell signaling
Classification of cancer by site involves
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia and lymphoma
What is Carcinoma Cancer
What is the most common
From epithelial tissues
Lung
Colon
Prostate
Breast
What is Sarcoma cancer
Examples
From connective tissues
Bone
Fat
Cartilage
Nerve
What is Leukemia and lymphoma
From blood forming cell
Development of cancer involves
Normal tissue undergoing a progression of abnormal changes from hyperplasia to dysplasia and finally to cancer
What is hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells but cells still appear normal under a microscope
What is dysplasia
Cells look abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer
What are the ways to manage/treat cancer
Medication
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Surgery
Hormone therapy
Targeted therapies
Exercise
What does radiation therapy do
Damage DNA of cancerous tissue
What is the primary method of treatment for cancer
Surgery
What is targeted therapies involve
A form of chemotherapy
Targets specific molecular differences between cancer and normal cells
Why exercise when you have cancer
Overall physical function is generally diminished because of losses of aerobic capacity,, muscle tissue and ROM
The exercise response for cancer must include
Tumor site
Cancer stage
Grade (severity)
Treatment types
Timing since diagnosis and interactions of all elements with general health, wellbeing and fitness
General Pre exercise medical assessments for cancer involves
Recommended evaluation for peripheral neuropathies and musculoskeletal morbidities
Cancer sit specific pre exercise medical assessment for cancer involves
Arm/shoulder morbidity prior to upper body exercise
What is the recommendation for exercise testing for cancer if patient is high functioning
An exercise test to establish current baseline and determine if treatment affected exercise response is useful
What is the recommendation for exercise testing for cancer if patient is low functioning
An exercise test might provide a barrier to physical activity
Testing should be selected with the individuals ______
Goals at the forefront
What are considerations for exercise testing methods for patients with cancer who have been medically cleared for exercise
Patients with cancer should receive a comprehensive assessment
No assessments are required to start a LIGHT intensity walking, progressive strength training or flexibility program in survivors
Be aware of survivors health history, comorbid chronic health conditions and disease
Look out for any exercise contraindications
Physical activity guidelines suggest that cancer survivors
Avoid inactivity
Exercise as much as possible
Require modifications to avoid fracture with metastatic bone disease
What is there a risk of when cancer survivors exercise aerobically
Fracture risk
What should we look out for in cancer survivors doing resistance exercise
No upper limit on weight
Watch for arm/shoulder symptoms
Cancer patients that engage in exercises with special considerations such as yoga and pilates show
Arm/shoulder morbidities are taken care of
______ is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where excessive mucus blocks the airway
Chronic bronchitis
Criterion for diagnosis of COPD is FEV1/FVC ______
<0.70
One of the typical abnormal exercise responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is hyperinflation of the lung
True
________ has become popular (or general) for assessing functional exercise capacity in individuals with more severe pulmonary disease
6-min walk test
Antihypertensive medication, such as beta blockers, may increase blood pressure and induce muscle weakness during exercise in patients with chronic restrictive pulmonary disease
False
Bronchodilators may improve ventilatory response, ventilation-perfusion matching, and exercise capacity during exercise in CRPD patients
True
Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) should be around 75% during exercise testing in patients with COPD because the normal oxyhemoglobin saturation in the artery is 75%
False
Patients with COPD tend to have lower residual volume compared to patients with CRPD
False
Cancer patients in early stage treatment should avoid physical activity
False
More than half of the causes of cancer is related to individuals’ lifestyle choice
True
_______ is a type of cancer that is identified from connective tissues, such as bone and cartilage
Sarcoma
