CVD and nutrition

Question 1

What are the features of chronic cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

> Longer than 6 months
Blockage of coronary arteries
Hardening of peripheral arteries
Development of clots

Question 2

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium and large arteries, as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining

Question 3

How does atherosclerosis develop?

Answer 3

> Buildup of cholesterol in artery walls
Removal less than buildup
Atherosclerotic plaques and headening of arteries
Increases peripheral resistance to blood flow - high blood pressure = further damage

Question 4

What is the role of cholesterol in arteries

Answer 4

Plaster to repair damage

Question 5

What are some modifiable risk factors for CVD

Answer 5

Excess alcohol, smoking, physical inactivity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, diabetes, stress

Question 6

What are some non modifiable risk factors for CVD

Answer 6

Genetics, family history, ethnicity, gender, age.

Question 7

What are independent risk factors for CVD and give some examples

Answer 7

Risk factors that will have an impact on the
development of atherosclerosis in the absence of other risk factors
> Genetics, diet, family history, smoking, inactivity, obesity

Question 8

What are dependent risk factors for CVD and give some examples

Answer 8

impact on the development of atherosclerosis only in conjunction with other risk factors
>Ethnicity, gender, age, diabetes, stress, hypertension, alcohol, personality type

Question 9

What are the 4 endpoints of atherosclerosis

Answer 9

> Plaque blocks artery
Plaque partially blocks
Plaque ruptures - blood clot
hardening of arteries - affects systemic arteries

Question 10

Explain the process leading to a stroke (cerebrovascular accident)

Answer 10

> Restricted blood flow past blockage leads to clot formation
> Atherosclerotic plaque breaks off
> Material transported to brain
> Lodges in cerebral artery
> Oxygen to brain interrupted
> Paralysis, slurred speach

Question 11

How does saturated fat and trans fat influance CVD?

Answer 11

Increases blood cholesterol

Impedes body’s ability to remove cholesterol

Question 12

How much fat is reccommended
How much saturated fat?
How much cholesterol?

Answer 12

20% – 35% of total calorie intake
>Males = 55g – 97g
>Female = 45g – 75g

Saturated 7-10% total

> 300mg cholesterol