4- Energy And Fats Flashcards
How many fatty acids and how many glycerol molecules do triglycerides contain?
3 fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
What are the 3 types of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
What are fatty acids classified by?
- Carbon chain length
- Saturation level
- Shape
How are trans fats produced?
Hydrogenation - hydrogen atoms added to unsaturated fatty acids, making oils more solid and saturated.
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
What are they precursors to?
> Linoleic acid (omega 6) found in veg oil and nuts
Alpha linoleic acid (omega 3) in fish
Precursers to eicosanoids
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
What are they precursors to?
> Linoleic acid (omega 6) found in veg oil and nuts
Alpha linoleic acid (omega 3) in fish
Precursers to eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotreines)
What do omega 3 fatty acids stimulate?
Release of prostaglandins, thromboxane and
Leukotriene
These reduce inflammatory responses and blood clotting.
What are phospholipids made of? What do they do?
Glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids, phosphate.
Soluble in water and transport fat into the bloodstream.
What are sterols and what do they do in the body?
Multiple rings of carbon atoms with an OH group
Plant sterols appear to block absorption of dietary cholesterol
____ transport lipid digestion products (___,___,___,___) to the ____ of the small intestine for absorption.
Micelles
( cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free fatty acid, monoacylglyceride)
Enterocytes
What makes the gallbladder contract in digestion of dietary fats?
Secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin from the duodenal mucosal cells
What are chylomicrons and what do they do?
Lipoproteins
Transport lipids from enterocyte to lymph system for absorption into bloodstream
Composed of fatty acids surrounded by phospholipids and proteins
Where are VLDLs formed and what do they do?
80% in the liver and 20% in the intestine
Transport endogenous lipids, especially triglycerides to the various tissues of the body
Where are LDLs formed and what do they do?
In the blood from VLDLS (removal of of triglycerides)
Transports cholesterol to cells of the body
Where are HDLs formed and what do they do?
Synthesised in the liver and released into the blood
Transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver
