CV pt. 4 - rest of the ppt

Question 1

stenosis

Answer 1

narrowing/restriction that prevents valve from fully opening

Question 2

insufficiency

Answer 2

when valve doesnt close properly, blood flow back into heart

Question 3

prolapse

Answer 3

enlarged valve leaflets bulge backwards into the left atrium

Question 4

you will see what with cardiac valvular diease

Answer 4

easy fatigue
dyspnea
palpitation
chest pain
pitting edema
orthopnea or paroxysmal dyspnea
dizziness / syncope

Question 5

rheumatic fever

Answer 5

infxn from streptococcal bacteria

Question 6

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 6

chronic condition due to scarring & deformity of heart valves

Question 7

most common symptom for rheumatic heart disease

Answer 7

fever & joint pain

Question 8

endocarditis

Answer 8

heart infxn
inflammation of cardiac endothelium
damage to tricuspid, aortic, mitral valve

Question 9

what symptoms are typically present with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 9

45% see MSK symptoms initially - arthralgia, arthritis, low back pain, myalgia

Question 10

endocarditis SxS

Answer 10

arthralgia
arthritis
MSK symptoms
low back/SI pain
mylagia
petechiae/splinter hemorrhage
constitutional symptoms
dyspnea, chest pain
cold and pain in extremities

Question 11

congenital valvular defects

Answer 11

congenital malformations of the heart in 1% of infants
not likely to mimic MSK

Question 12

fibrillation

Answer 12

SA node initiates & paces heart

Question 13

fibrillation SxS

Answer 13

palpitations
fluttering, skipping, etc.
dyspnea
chest pain
anxiety
pallor, fatigue
dizzy, nervous
cyanosis

Question 14

sinus tachycardia

Answer 14

> 100 bpm

Question 15

sinus bradycardia

Answer 15

< 60 bpm
may be normal in athletes or young adults

Question 16

what is a TIA

Answer 16

transient ischemic attack

blood supply to brain is disrupted

Question 17

what sometimes happens after a TIA

Answer 17

10-20% will have a major stroke within 3 months, sometimes 48 hours

Question 18

TIA SxS

Answer 18

slurred speech
confusion, memory loss
blindness
dizzy
HA
paralysis / weakness
hard to walk
few mins to 24 hours

Question 19

arterial occlusive diease SxS

Answer 19

think claudication - burning, ischemic pain
change in color, temp, skin, nail beds
dry, scaly, shiny skin
ulcerations, gangrene on WB surfaces
vision probs
fatigue
pain with elevating extremity, relieved by hanging foot over side of bed or chair

Question 20

raynauds

Answer 20

small arteries in extremities constrict, causing temporary pallor and cyanosis of digits and change in skin temp

Question 21

raynauds triggers

Answer 21

cold temp
strong emotions

Question 22

secondary raynauds phenomenon

Answer 22

associated with connective tissue or collagen vascular disease

Question 23

raynauds SxS

Answer 23

pallor in digits
cyanotic, blue digits
cold, numbness, pain in digits
intense redness in digits

Question 24

acute venous disorders

Answer 24

formation of clots that obstruct venous flow

Question 25

superficial venous thrombosis SxS

Answer 25

subcutaneous venous distention
palpable cord
warmth, redness
indurated

Question 26

deep venous thrombosis SxS

Answer 26

unilateral tenderness or leg pain
unilateral swelling >3cm diff
warmth
discoloration

Question 27

wells criteria for DVT

Answer 27

<0 low
1-2: intermediate
>3: high

Question 28

risk factors for PE and DVT

Answer 28

CHF
obesity
trauma

Question 29

chronic venous disorders identified by what

Answer 29

chronic swollen limbs
thick, coarse, brown skin around ankles
venous stasis ulceration

Question 30

lymphedema - SxS

Answer 30

excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue space

edema on dorsum of foot / hand
decreased ROM
unilateral
worse after prolonged dependency
no discomfort or a dull, heavy sensation, fullness