Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
secondary to angina, MI, pericarditis, endocarditis or dissecting aortic aneurysm - what symptom will be present
cardiac related chest pain
where may chest pain radiate
neck, jaw, upper trap, upper back, shoulder, arms
cervical disk disease, rib dysfunction, trigger points, anxiety - may cause what
non cardiac chest pain
what is a palpitation
irregular heartbeat
bump, pound, jump, flop, flutter, racing sensation
dyspnea
breathlessness or SOB
when would you give a medical referral if dyspnea present?
- if pt cannot climb single flight of stairs without being winded
- reports waking at night or SOB when lying down
cardiac syncope
fainting due to reduced O2 to brain
when is cardiac syncope observed
arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, poor ventricular fxn, coronary artery disease, vertebral artery insufficiency
when does syncope require a referral
without warning of lightheadedness, dizziness, nausea
possible cause of a cough
left ventricular dysfunction from mitral valve dysfunction - pulmonary edema or left ventricular CHF - when aggravated by exercise, metabolic stress, supine position, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of lips and nailbeds due to lack of blood oxygen levels
when does edema become a red flag for HF
greater than or equal to 3 lb weight gain
OR
gradual, continous gain over several days with swelling in ankles, abdomen and hands
claudication
leg pain from PVD
what do you need to monitor during exercise regarding vital signs
- HR that is too high or too low
- irregular pulse rate
- systolic BP doesn’t rise progressively with increased work level
- systolic BP that falls during exercise
- change in diastolic BP greater than 15-20
what are some side effects of statins we should be concerned with
myopathy
myositis
bilateral weakness in large muscle groups
unexplained fever
N/V
