Current Biodiversity (part 2)

Question 1

eukaryotes

Answer 1

ALL multicellular organisms (not all eukarya are multicellular)

Question 2

eukaryotes are unique because they have the ability to…

Answer 2

specialize and cooperate (specialization and cooperation)

Question 3

single-celled eukaryotes are…

Answer 3

independent, have specialized structures w/in cell to perform all functions needed for life

Question 4

multi-celled eukaryotes…

Answer 4

have cells that work together for an organism; all cells have specialized function

Question 5

plants have __ that make them unique from animals

Answer 5

cell walls and chloroplasts

Question 6

plants are __ bc they carry out __

Answer 6

autotrophic bc they are photosynthesis

Question 7

vascular plants

Answer 7

have tissues that transport water/sap; tubes that move nutrients (conductive tissues = xylem and phloem)

Question 8

nonvascular plants

Answer 8

don’t have tubes/tissues, move nutrients w/ difussion

Question 9

there are __ (#) groups of vascular plants __ (#) groups of non-vascular plants

Answer 9

4, 2

Question 10

seed-bearing plants

Answer 10

1. gymnosperms
2. angiosperms

Question 11

gymnosperms

Answer 11

cone-bearing plants

Question 12

angiosperms

Answer 12

flowering/fruit plants

Question 13

spore-producing plants

Answer 13

1. bryophytes
2. pteridophytes

Question 14

the majority of plants are __

Answer 14

seed-bearing

Question 15

how does energy enter ecosystems?

Answer 15

photosynthesis

Question 16

photosynthesis converts __ to __

Answer 16

solar energy –> chemical energy (glucose/sugars)

Question 17

photosynthesis equation

Answer 17

sunlight + CO2 + H2O –> glucose + O2

Question 18

where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 18

chlorophyll (w/in chloroplast)

Question 19

2 processes w/in photsynthesis

Answer 19

1. light-dependent reactions (absorb light in chlorophyll –> release CO2)
2. Calvin cycle (produces glucose, captures C from CO2)

Question 20

importance of photosynthesis (3)

Answer 20

1. produces O2 (for animals and O3)
2. removes atmospheric carbon (CO2)
3. carbon fixation = foundation of tropic levels

Question 21

fungi are…

Answer 21

decomposers, heterotrophs

Question 22

decomposers function =

Answer 22

return energy to ecosystem

Question 23

fungi are more closely related to __ than ___

Answer 23

animals > plants

Question 24

heterotrophs

Answer 24

absorbs nutrients (don’t eat it; eat = animals)

Question 25

fungi have __ phyla and abt __ species

Answer 25

5 phyla, ~1.5 million species

Question 26

fungi can be both __ and ___

Answer 26

pathogenic AND prevent disease (penicillin)

Question 27

fungi live in both __ and __ environments

Answer 27

terrestrial and aquatic

Question 28

how do fungi reproduce?

Answer 28

mostly through spores (passive and active dispersion), fission, budding

Question 29

mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 29

mutualism b/w fungi and trees; allow for communication network b/w trees- send nutrients/water/warnings for disease, fungi get nutrients too

Question 30

what makes an animal?

Answer 30

1. eukaryotic
2. multicellular
3. heterotrophs
4. ingest/eat food

Question 31

clade

Answer 31

common ancestor + descendants

Question 32

metazoa clade

Answer 32

ALL animals; largest clade

Question 33

eumetazoa clade

Answer 33

“true” animals; all animals w/ “true tissues”
- all animals except phylum Porifera

Question 34

animal’s __ limits their abilities

Answer 34

body plans

Question 35

types of symmetry

Answer 35

asymmetrical, radial symmetrical (circular/axis), bilateral symmetry (halves)

Question 36

cephalization

Answer 36

cluster of nerves @ 1 end of body; “head”

Question 37

organization life

Answer 37

cells –> tissues –> organs –> organ systems

Question 38

liquid support

Answer 38

fluid filled compartments provide shape/support

Question 39

rigid support

Answer 39

rigid skeleton provides shape/support

Question 40

sponges are…

Answer 40

multicellular, NO tissues/organs/organ systems

Question 41

highest level of organization in sponges is…

Answer 41

cells

Question 42

phyla porifera =

Answer 42

sponges!

Question 43

sponges have…

Answer 43

pores, asymmetry, no cephalization, sessile

Question 44

sessile organisms

Answer 44

don’t move

Question 45

spicules

Answer 45

rigid support in sponges calcium carbonate or silica

Question 46

spongin

Answer 46

liquid support; spongin fibers

Question 47

each species of sponges have unique __

Answer 47

types of spicules

Question 48

choanocytes

Answer 48

special cells line inner walls, flagellum

Question 49

flagellum

Answer 49

“whip”- pumps water through sponge

Question 50

in sponges every __ touches ___

Answer 50

cell touches water; absorbs nutrients through diffusion

Question 51

sponges can be found in both __ and __ environments

Answer 51

marine and freshwater (majority = marine)

Question 52

sponges are estimated to be over ___ years old, and evolved anywhere from ___ million years ago

Answer 52

• over 400-10,000 years old
• 550-700 million years ago