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MHD2 > Cumulative Exam - Semester 2 - Block 9 > Flashcards

Cumulative Exam - Semester 2 - Block 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A 
Corneum
Lucidum (only palms and soles)
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
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2
Q

Which layer of the skin is blue on H&E? Which is pink?

A

Blue - epidermis

Pink - dermis

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3
Q

Anchors the skin to the BM

A

Hemidesmosomes

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4
Q

Anchores keratinocytes to one another

A

Desmosomes

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5
Q

Flat skin lesion, <1 cm

A

Macule

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6
Q

Flat skin lesion, >1 cm

A

Patch

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7
Q

Elevated skin lesion, <1 cm

A

Papule

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8
Q

Elevated skin lesion, >1 cm

A

Plaque

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9
Q

Fluid-filled blister, <1 cm

A

Vesicle

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10
Q

Fluid-filled blister, >1 cm

A

Bulla

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11
Q

Pus-filled blister, usually <1 cm

A

Pustule

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12
Q

Smooth papule or plaque, any size

A

Wheal

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13
Q

Flaking of the SC

A

Scale

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14
Q

Dry exudate

A

Crust

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15
Q

Defective desquamatization leads to a build up of compacted scales, mostly hereditary

A

Icthyosis

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16
Q

Microscopic features of icthyosis vulgaris

A

Orthokeratosis (Hyperkeratosis of anuclear keratinocytes within the stratum corneum)
Thinning or loss of granulosa

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17
Q

3 benign epithelial neoplasms

A
  1. Seborrheic keratosis
  2. Acanthosis nigricans
  3. Skin tag
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18
Q

Stuck-on verrucous waxy brown papules or plaques

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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19
Q

Microscopic features of seborrheic keratosis

A

Hyperkeratosis
Papillomatosis (Irregular undulation of the epidermal surface)
Epidermal acanthosis ( (thickened spinosum)
String sign (flat base)
Pseudohorn cysts

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20
Q

Hyperpigmehted verrucous plaques with velvety scales, often in creases of the axilla and neck

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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21
Q

Microscopic features of acanthosis nigricans

A

Hyperkeratosis
Papillomatosis
Basal layer hyperpigmentation

22
Q

Flesh-colored pedunculated papules with a smooth or folded surface

A

Acrochordon (fibroepithelial polyp, skin tag)

23
Q

Microscopic features of skin tag

A

Polypoid with loose fibrous core

Papillomatosis

24
Q

Ill-defined, scaly erythematous patch located on sun-damaged skin, precursor of SqCC

A

Actinic keratinois

25
Q

Histologic features of actinic keratosis

A

Orthokeratosis alternating with parakeratosis (Flattened, keratinocyte nuclei within the stratum corneum, where nuclei are not normally present) - flag sign
Basal layer atypia

26
Q

2 types of SqCC in situ

A
  1. Bowen’s disease - cellular atypia at all levels of the epidermis (full thickness), no invasion into the dermis, hyperkeratosis, basal layer sparing = eyeliner sign
  2. Bowenoid papulosis - similar appearance, HPV induced
27
Q

Second most common skin tumor

A

SqCC

28
Q

Scaly, sometimes ulcerated, and verrucous papules and nodules

A

SqCC

29
Q

Histology - SqCC

A

Hyperkeratotic acanthotic epidermis with papillomatosis comprised of atypical SqC, extending from epidermis, invading into dermis as islands with keratin pearls

30
Q

Pearly pink papule with overlying telangiectasis

A

Basal cell carcinoma

31
Q

Histology - BCC

A

Proliferation of basaloid cells, peripheral palisading cells, peritumoral clefting, dermal telangiectasias

32
Q

Clearish cells in the basal layer with dark nuclei (1:10, ___ to keratinocytes)

A

Melanocytes

33
Q

Well-defined, milky-white patches of skin

A

Vitiligo

34
Q

Caused by loss of melanocytes

A

Vitiligo

35
Q

Caused by loss of melanin pigment

A

Albinism

36
Q

Hyperpigmentation of skin

A

Melasma

37
Q

Small tan-red to light brown macule on sun-exposed areas

Histology - increased melanin pigment within basal keratinocytes, melanocytes may be enlarged, but density is normal

A

Freckle (ephelis)

38
Q

Small, oval tan-brown

Histology - non-confluent typical single cell melanocytic hyperplasia along the basal layer

A

Lentigo

39
Q

Tan to brown macules and papules

Histology - hyperplastic nests of melanocytes +/- architectural atypia

A

Melanocytic nevi

Atypia = dysplastic nevi

40
Q

Confluent nests and single atypical melanocytes

A

Melanoma

41
Q

4 features of dysplastic nevi

A

Shouldering (epidermal component extends at least 3 rete ridges beyond dermal component)
Bridging (confluence of rete ridge nests)
Lamellar fibroplasia
Cellular atypia

42
Q

ABCDE - melanoma

A 
Asymmetrical
Borders (irregular)
Color (uneven)
Diameter, >6mm)
Evolving
43
Q

Confluent proliferation of single and nested atypical melanocytes with upward pagetoid spread

A

Melanoma insitu

44
Q

Most important prognostic feature for melanoma

A

Breslow thickness

45
Q

Pink-brown papule or nodule most common on lower extremities

Histology - dermal proliferation of boomerang shaped fibrohistiocytes with collagen trapping and overlying rete ridge tableing and basal layer hyperpigmentation

A

Dermatofibroma

46
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal, papules, plaques

A

Lichen planus

47
Q

Well-demarcated plaques with adherent silver/white scale (30% have nail changes)

A

Psoriasis

48
Q

Histology of psoriasis

A

Psoriasiform hyperplasia with parakeratotic (wafer-like) scales containing nuetrophils
Monroe microabscesses in SC
Auspitz sign = thinning of the suprapapillary plates with dilated papillary vessels
Loss of granular layer, increased epidermal mitotic figures

49
Q

Site of split - DEJ

A

TENS

50
Q

Site of split - subepithelial

A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome, Bullous Pemphigoid

MHD2 (34 decks)

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