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MHD2 > Block 8 (Neuro) - Online Learning 1-2 > Flashcards

Block 8 (Neuro) - Online Learning 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

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2
Q

What is contained in white matter?

A

Fibers, mostly axons

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3
Q

List the 6 nuclei located in the grey matter of the spinal cord.

A
  1. Substantia gelatinosa (SG)
  2. Nucleus proprius (NP)
  3. Nucleus dorsalis (ND - Clark’s nucleus)
  4. Intermediolateral nucleus (IML)
  5. Intermediomedial nucleus (IMM)
  6. Medial and lateral motor nuclei (M, L)
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4
Q

Which spinal cord nuclei modulates pain?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

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5
Q

Where does substantia gelatinosa synapse?

A

Nucleus proprius

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6
Q

Axons of the substantia gelatinosa ascend and descend in what tract?

A

Lissauer’s

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7
Q

List the three unencapsulated receptors.

A
  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Merkel’s disks
  3. Hair follicles
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8
Q

What is the function of free nerve endings?

A

Pain and temperature

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9
Q

What is the function of Merkel’s disk?

A

Touch

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10
Q

What is the function of hair follicles?

A

Touch

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11
Q

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

2-point discrimination

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12
Q

What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Vibration

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13
Q

What is the function of Ruffini endings?

A

Joint position

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14
Q

What is the function of the neuromuscular spindle?

A

Limb muscle stretch and length

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15
Q

What is the function of Golgi tendon organs?

A

Muscle tension

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16
Q

Which 2 receptors are important in touch?

A

Merkel’s disks and hair follicles

17
Q

What information is communicated through the dorsal column pathway?

A

2-point discrimination, vibration sense, and proprioception

18
Q

Describe the dorsal column pathway.

A
  1. Receptors communicate sensory information (2-point discrimination, vibration sense, and proprioception) through the dorsal root ganglion cell, through the fasciculus gracilis (lower body - S1-S5, L1-L5, T6-T12) or the fasciculus cuneatus (upper body - T1-T5, C1-C8), to the nucleus gracilis or cuneatus in the caudal medulla - SYNAPSE
  2. The internal arcuate fibers DECUSSATE and ascend in the medial lemniscus to the VPLN of the thalamus - SYNAPSE
  3. The fibers end in the sensorimotor cortex (312)
19
Q

Where does the dorsal column pathway decussate?

A

In the caudal medulla at the medial lemniscus

20
Q

Where does the dorsal column pathway synapse?

A
  1. Nucleus gracilis or cuneatus
  2. VPLN
  3. Area 312
21
Q

What information is communicated through the spinothalamic pathway?

A

Pain and temperature

22
Q

What pathology is associated with destruction of the dorsal columns?

A

Tabes dorsalis from syphilis; leads to a positive Romberg sign

23
Q

Describe the spinothalamic pathway.

A
  1. Receptors communicate pain and temperature to the dorsal horn (lumbar) or the nucleus proprius (cervical) - SYNAPSE and DECUSSATE via the ventral white commissure
  2. The fibers ascend in the spinothalamic tract to the VPLN in the thalamus - SYNAPSE
  3. The fibers end in the sensorimotor cortex (312)
24
Q

When and why is sacral sparing seen?

A

Syringomyelia - the sacral part of this tract is most lateral and will be destroyed last

25
Q

What is a Brown-Sequard lesion and what happens?

A

Destruction of half the spinal cord will affect the DCP input ipsilaterally below the lesion and STT input contralaterally below the lesion

26
Q

Where does the spinothalmic tract decussate?

A

After synapsing with the nucleus proprius

27
Q

What information is communicated via the dorsal spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar pathways?

A

Muscle stretch

28
Q

Describe the dorsal spinocerebellar pathway.

A
  1. Information from sensors in muscles at the levels of C8-L2 is transmitted to the nucleus dorsalis (Clark’s nucleus) - SYNAPSE
  2. Fibers travel through the posterior spinocerebellar tract through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the cerebellum.
29
Q

Describe the cuneocerebellar pathway.

A
  1. Information from sensors in muscles at the levels of C7-C1 is transmitted through the fasciculus cuneatus to the accessory cuneate nucleus in the medulla - SYNAPSE
  2. Fibers travel through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the cerebellum.
30
Q

Describe the ventral spinocerebellar pathway.

A
  1. Information is sampled from the interneurons and transmitted via the ventral spinocerebellar tract through the superior cerebellar peduncle into the cerebellum.
31
Q

What are the three sections of the brainstem, from caudal to rostral?

A

Medulla oblongata (caudal + rostral)
Pons (caudal + rostral)
Midbrain (caudal + rostral)

32
Q

What does the caudal medulla look like?

A

Fused baby feet

MHD2 (34 decks)

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