Cumulative Flashcards
Methods of estimating body composition
- Underwater weighing or hydrodensity (very accurate)
- Bioeletrical impedance
- Fatfold measure (low accuracy)
- Waist circumference (moderate accuracy)
metabolically fit
lack biochemical risk factors for chronic disease (i.e., high cholesterol or high blood pressure).
Define the BMI for underweight, healthy, overweight and obese levels
- Underweight is defined as a BMI below 18.5.
- Healthy BMI’s are between 18.5 and 24.9.
- Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 – 29.9.
- Obese is defines as a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2.
Behavior modifications to keep weight off
- maintain a low calorie, low fat diet
2, high level of physical activity (at least one hour per day) - eat breakfast every day
- weigh themselves at least once per week
- watch less than 10 hours of TV per week
Coenzyme
- a vitamin or provitamin plus a molecular structure that assists in the catalytic actions of enzymes.
- some enzymes need coenzymes and some do not
Which of the following vitamins act physiologically as a coenzyme or part of a coenzyme: thiamin, biotin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, folate?
All of the these vitamins act or are a part of a conezyme
______ ______ due to folate depletion, plus neurological problems because of poor myelin formation.
megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency is called _______ _____ because two symptoms develop:
- megaloblastic anemia due to folate depletion, plus
- neurological problems because of poor myelin formation.
pernicious anemia
Older adults are at risk for ______ _____because _____ _____ is a common condition in adults over 50 and results in impaired functioning of the tissue lining the stomach. ___ and intrinsic factor tend to be reduced in older populations resulting in poor _________ ___ absorption.
- Pernicious anemia
- atrophic gastritis
- HCL
- vitamin B12
Beta carotene has two roles: 1) is a precursor to retinal and 2) is a ______.
- antioxidant
- a precursor for vitamin A
A _____ of baby carrots supplies about a half of your need for vitamin A for the day.
a handful
Sources of Vitamin A as retinol:
milk and milk products, eggs, liver
Sources of vitamin A as carotenoids:
dark green, yellow and orange vegetables
Exposing hands, face and arms to the sun for ___ to ___ minutes, ___ to ___ times a week should be plenty for good vitamin D status.
- 5-10
2. 2-3
Name 2 phytochemicals which are antioxidants
- carotenoids
2. flavonoids
Name the vitamins that act as antioxidants
vitamin E, vitamin C, and many phytochemicals such as carotenoids and flavonoids, act as antioxidants to halt damage attributed to free radicals.
A number of cellular enzymes including ______ ______ and _______ ______ can seek out and neutralize free radicals. These enzymes are dependent on the minerals _____, _____, ______, and ____.
- glutahione peroxidase
- superoxide dismistase
- selenium, copper, manganese, and zinc
