Culture, Society, and Politics Flashcards
_____ is defined as sameness of essential or generic character in different instances or sameness in all that constitutes the objective reality of a thing.
Identity
____ is the distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those belonging to a particular group.
Identity
____ is the identity or feeling of belonging to a group.
Cultural Identity
____ is a shared sense of custom, language, belief, and behavior.
Culture
___ is how people relate to others. This is important as it affects the relationship building and the interaction between two persons.
Culture Identity
____ is also a sense of belonging, but it is not focusing on culture but wider criteria including descent, language, culture, and religion.
National Identity
______ gives individuals a greater sense of shared citizenship.
Cosmopolitanism
A ______ is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory.
Society
_____ is associated with how power is gained and employed to develop authority and influence in social affairs.
Politics
____ is the ability to influence others. It gives authority to lead.
Power
____ is attained through obedience on the rules set by the leaders.
Order
_____ is felt in a society in order.
Justice
It is the study of humans and human behavior and societies in the past and present.
Anthropology
These study the norms and values of societies.
Social anthropology and Cultural anthropology (socio-cultural)
The science of humanity.
Anthropology
Studies the biological development of humans. These focus on human body development.
Biological or Physical Anthropology
It is a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them.
Sociology
The science of the origin and development, structure and functions of social group.
Sociology
Anthropologists and archaeologists use these to find out what happened in the past.
Fossils and artifacts
Differentiate fossils from artifacts.
(any answer as long nakuha ung point)
- Fossils are the remains (bones) of living beings.
- Artifacts are the things or materials created or used by the early people.
The study of the state and the government. It studies how power is being exercised and distributed
Political science
As a social science, political science focuses on ____, the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of collective decision-making.
Group power
Enumerate the 3 Branches of Government
- Executive
- Legislative
- Judiciary
This branch of government consists of the President, Vice President, and cabinet members. They are in charge of approving the laws.
Executive
This branch of government consists of the senators, congressmen, etc. They are in charge of creating bills to make a law.
Legislative
This branch of government consists of chief justices, associate justices, etc. They are in charge of executing and implementing the laws.
Judiciary
What is the Greek word for ‘companion’?
socius
What is the Greek word for ‘to study’?
logos
He is the person who invented the word ‘sociology’ in 1842 by bringing the Greek word ‘socius’ and ‘logos’.
Auguste Comte
He believes that society is governed by certain laws, just as how scientists are governed by the laws of nature.
Auguste Comte
An approach to understanding the world based from science.
Positivism
He is the forerunner of Conflict theory and reiterated that political revolution was vital in the evolutionary process of society — the only means to achieve improvement of social conditions.
Karl Marx
He views conflict as the source of social change.
Karl Marx
He likened society to an organism, with life and vitality of its own.
Herbert Spencer
He first used the word ‘survival of the fittest’, when he proposed the policy of non-interference in human affairs and society.
Herbert Spencer
He is the first French sociologist. He put forward the idea that individuals are more the products rather than the creators of society; the society itself is external to the individual.
Emile Durkheim
He is a German sociologist and the most important proponent of interpretive sociology.
Max Weber
What does ‘Verstehen’ mean?
Sympathetic (or empathetic) understanding of the mind of others.
He asserted that religion is very influential in the actions and thoughts of people.
Max Weber
Meaning of actions when studying social trends and problems.
Interpretive sociology
Who is the pioneer of ‘Verstehen’?
Max Weber
Who is the pioneer of ‘Conflict Theory’?
Karl Marx
Who is the pioneer of ‘Survival of the fittest’?
Herbert Spencer
Who is the pioneer of ‘Individuals are the product of society’?
Emile Durkheim
Who is the pioneer of ‘Positivism’?
Auguste Comte
It is a group of people living in a community with common culture.
Society
He is a sociologist that defines society as “…a human product, and nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts upon its producers.”
Peter L. Berger
It is “that complex whole encompasses beliefs, practices. values, attitudes, laws, and norms, and artifacts, symbols and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.”
Culture
Tangible. It is meant to be used. It is the physical aspect of culture in the objects and architecture that surround people. These include homes, neighborhoods, cities, schools, churches, synagogues, etc.
Material culture
Intangible. It is meant to be practiced. It refers to the non-physical ideas that people have about their culture. These include beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions.
Non-material culture
Enumerate the 7 Aspects of Culture.
- Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
- Shared and Contested
- Learned through Socialization and Enculturation
- Patterned Social Interactions
- Integrated and at Times Unstable
- Transmitted through Socialization/Enculturation
- Requires Language and other Forms of Communication
Cultural behaviors permit humans to fit into and adapt to their respective environment. (Aspect of Culture)
Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
This means that the ideas, activities, and artifacts are shared in common by the various members of a society or group. (Aspect of Culture)
Shared and Contested
The behavior patterns that constitute a specific culture are not genetically or biologically determined. (Aspect of Culture)
Learned through Socialization and Enculturation
Through the process of ______, the child eventually acquires the prevailing attitudes and beliefs, the forms of behavior appropriate to the social role he occupies, and the behavior patterns and values of the society into which he is born.
Socialization (or enculturation)
Social interaction, a commonly viewed implies theory of reciprocity, complementary, and mutuality of response. (Aspect of Culture)
Patterned Social Interactions
For any society or group, the various ideas, activities and artifacts are not only shared, but the arrangements of them more or less fit together and interlock to form a consistent whole. (Aspect of Culture)
Integrated and at Times Unstable
Being acquired by learning, cultural ideas, activities, and artifacts are handed down by from generation to generation as a super-organic inheritance. (Aspect of Culture)
Transmitted through Socialization/Enculturation
Language is a shared set of spoken (often written) symbols and rules for combining those symbols in meaningful ways. (Aspect of Culture)
Requires Language and other Forms of Communication
Language has been called ‘‘____”.
The storehouse of culture
It has been called ‘the storehouse of culture’.
Language
It is the primary means of capturing, communicating, discussing, changing, and passing shared understandings to new generation (and new citizens).
Language
Studies how language affects social life. (focuses on symbol, language)
Linguistic Anthropology
List the importances of material and non-material culture.
(basta nakuha ung point)
- It shows the rich history and culture of the early people.
- It prepares the culture for the next generation.
