Chemistry Flashcards
He/She is considered as the first modern chemist and one of the founders of chemical science.
Robert Boyle
He/She was an English chemist who helped to develop the atomic theory about atoms and elements.
John Dalton
He was an Italian scientist who came up with Avogadro’s law which states that equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules when under the same conditions of pressure and temperature.
Amedeo Avogadro
He was a French chemist who is sometimes referred to as the “father of modern chemistry”.
Antoine Lavoisier
Who is the Russian chemist who came up with the first periodic table of the elements which he published in 1865?
Dmitri Mendeleyev
He is called the father of Swedish chemistry.
Jons Jacob Berzelius
8 Branches of Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Applied Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry
- Synthetic Chemistry
Law of Conservation of Mass main idea
The mass of reactant is the same as the mass of product.
Study of matter
Chemistry
Customers of alchemists
Patrons
____ is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ____ is used to separate metals from their ore.
Metallurgy
Proposed that everything came from Fire.
Heraclitus
Proposed that everything came from Water.
Thales
Proposed that everything came from Air.
Anaximenes
He proposed the Atomic Theory.
John Dalton
To him is attributed the invention of the four-element theory of matter (earth, air, fire, and water).
Empedocles
It is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.
Atomic Theory
Father of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier
He applied the scientific method to the study of alchemy circa 800 AD. Many people consider him to be the Father of Chemistry.
Jābir ibn Hayȳan
Enumerate the 6 States of Matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
- Bose-Einstein Condensate
- Fermionic Condensate
Enumerate the 9 physical changes of matter.
- Melting Point
- Boiling Point
- Malleability
- Ductility
- Viscosity
- Solubility
- Taste
- Heat Conductivity
- Electrical Conductivity
Enumerate the 3 chemical changes of matter.
- Flammability
- Chemical Reactivity
- Solvation
Differentiate physical and chemical change.
In a nutshell, a chemical change produces a new substance, while a physical change does not. A material may change shapes or forms while undergoing a physical change, but no chemical reactions occur and no new compounds are produced.
Enumerate Democritus and Leucippus’ five main principles about the atomic theory.
- Atoms cannot be seen by naked eyes.
- Atoms are in constant motion around an empty space called void.
- Atoms are completely solid.
- Atoms are uniform, with no internal structure.
- Atoms come in different shapes and sizes.
A process of change in matter from solid directly to gas.
Sublimation
It is the ability of a substance to burn when in contact with flame, producing new substance(s).
Flammability
It is not mixed with anything else.
Pure
One of the basic substances that are made of atoms of one kind and that cannot be separated by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances.
Element
It is made by combining two or more parts; composed of or resulting from union of separate elements, ingredients, or parts.
Compounds
Something made by combining two or more ingredients; a portion of matter consisting of two or more components in varying proportions that retain their own properties.
Mixtures
It is made up of uniform structure or composition throughout.
Homogeneous
Consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or constituents.
Heterogeneous
The Two Classifications of Matter
Pure and Impure Substances
The Two Classifications of Pure Substances
Elements and Compounds
The Two Classifications of Impure Substances
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
The Four Classifications of Elements
- Metals
- Non-Metals
- Metalloids
- Noble Gases
Give 5 Examples of Compounds
- NaCl - Salt
- CH₄ - Methane
- H₂O - Water
- NH₃ - Ammonia
- CO₂ - Carbon Dioxide
The simplest type of matter that is composed of only one kind of atom.
Element
They are made up of two or more type of atom chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
Compounds
They have only one phase or the appearance, properties, and composition are uniform throughout and portion of the sample.
Homogeneous Mixtures
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances and can be physically combined in variable composition.
Solution
It is the substance that gets dissolved.
Solute
It is present in larger amount than the solute.
Solvent
Enumerate the 11 Physical Separation Methods
- Filtration
- Evaporation
- Sublimation
- Distillation
- Decantation
- Crystallization
- Chromatography
- Extraction
- Precipitation
- Sedimentation
- The use of sieve and magnets
It is done by passing the liquid-solid mixture through a porous barrier such as filter paper or cloth.
Filtration
It is used to separate a mixture of two or more liquids that boil or vaporize at different temperatures.
Distillation
A long column is placed between the distilling flask and the condenser, as the vapors travel up the column, they condense, but they turn to vapor again as the column is heated by the rising vapors.
Fractional Distillation
The simplest and most commonly used in laboratory experiments, paper is the stationary phase and a liquid such as acetone or alcohol is the moving phase.
Chromatography
It is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences in solubility.
Extraction
A substance that is strongly attracted to only one of the compounds of the mixture is added to the mixture.
Precipitation
Separation through ____ is facilitated with the use of centrifuge, an apparatus where particles spin out very small particles out of a liquid or gas.
Sedimentation
For mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids. Example:
sand-water mixture - carried out by gently pouring the water out of the container after the sand has settled at the bottom of the container.
Decantation
Free from mistakes or errors.
Accurate
Very careful and exact about the details of something.
Precise
Formula for volume
V = length x width x height
Formula for density
d = m/v
These are frequently repeated to improve accuracy and precision.
Measurements
A set of measurements refers to the closeness of the average of the set to the correct value as determined by an independent or separate measurement.
Accuracy
Refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other.
Precision
It depends more on the skill of the person making the measurement.
Precision
It depends on the quality of the measuring device used.
Accuracy
