Cultural variations of attachemnt Flashcards
Why did Van Ijendoorn & Kroonenberg conduct their study?
To look at the proportions of attachment styles accross a range of countries to assess cultural variation
And look at variations within cultures
What was Van Ijenzoorrn & Kroogneberg research procedure ?
-located 32 studies of attachment where the strange situation had been used to investigate proportions of babies with different attachment types
- conducted in 8 countries - 15 in the USA
- the data from study was met analysed
Findings of VanIjerdoon & Kroonenberg
Secure> most common in all countries
Lowest = china 50%
Highest= Uk 75%
Insecure-resistant> most common in israel (29%)
least = Uk (3%)
Insecure- avoidant > most common in Germany (35%)
least= japan (5%)
What is a strength of cross cultural research?
- Studies conducted by Indigenous psychologists
- Indigenous psychologists are those from the same cultural background
- included research from German team (Grossmann) & Takhashi ( Japanese)
- many problems with cross- cultural avoided such as misunderstanding of language or difficulty communicating instructions to P’s or bias
- validity increases
What is a limitation of cross cultural research to do with variables?
- Studies conducted in different countries are not usually matched for methodology
when they are compared in reviews - sample characteristics such as poverty ,social class can confound results
- environmental variables might also differ between studies e.g size of room, toys available etc
- may not tell us anything
What is another limitation of cross cultural research?
-imposed etic > trying to impose a test designed for one cultural context to another context
- e.g strange situation and babies response on reunion with caregiver
Britain & USA see lack of affection = avoidant
Germany- behaviour interpreted as independent rather than insecurity
- behaviour measured= different meanings in different cultures
Outline procedure & findings of Takahashi study
-Replicated the strange situation with 60 japanese infants & mothers
- 0% insecure-avoidant
-68% secure
- 32% insecure resistant
Showed distinct cultural differences
What did they find about variations within cultures?
variations within cultures 1.5 greater than variations between