Cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

Key study: Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Procedure

Answer 1

Meta - analysis from 32 studies of attachment behaviour. 2000 strange situation studies over 8 countries.
Interested to see differences in countries.

Question 2

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg: Findings

Answer 2

All ranked securely attached first.
All ranked insecure avoidant second apart from ISRAEL AND JAPAN.
Israel and Japan are collectivist cultures.

Supports that secure attachment is best.

Question 3

A03: Similarities may be due to global culture

Answer 3

They suggested some similarities may be caused by the effects of mass media which spread ideas about parenting. This means that similarities may not be due to biological influences

Question 4

A03: Cultural bias

Answer 4

Rothbaum: contrasts between American and Japanese cultures.
US: exploring, independance and regulating emotions is seen as good.

Japan: not showing feelings, being group orientated is seen as good.