Animal Studies

Question 1

Lorenz: Procedure

Answer 1

• Clutch of geese eggs
• Half went to mum goose
• Half went to an incubator to immediately see Lorenz after hatching

Question 2

Lorenz: Findings

Answer 2

• Both groups followed their relative leader
• Lorenz group showed no recognition for its natural mother
• Developed this imprinting in the critical period

Question 3

Lorenz: Long lasting effects

Answer 3

• Process is irreversible
• One goose slept on Lorenz’ bed every night
• Early imprinting had an effect on later mate preferences. Birds will choose to mate with the same species they imprinted on

Question 4

Harlow: Procedure:

Answer 4

• Two wire monkey mothers: one cloth and one wire
• Eight infant monkeys were studied
• Four monkeys had milk on wired, four had milk on cloth
• Observations were made on how much time each monkey spent with each mother and when the monkey was frightened

Question 5

Harlow: Findings

Answer 5

• All monkeys spent more time with the cloth monkey, regardless of feeding bottle
• When scared, all monkeys went to the cloth monkey
• When playing, all monkeys kept a foot on the cloth monkey for reassurance

Question 6

Harlow: Long lasting effects

Answer 6

• Motherless monkeys developed abnormally - couldn’t build relationships or mate with any other monkeys
• He found a critical period for these monkeys

Question 7

Lorenz: A03: Research support for imprinting

Answer 7

Research support for imprinting:
Guiton: chicks imprinted to rubber gloves due to being fed for the first few weeks. Guiton also found that later the male chickens tried to mate with the gloves.

Question 8

Lorenz: A03: Critisism of imprinting

Answer 8

Critisism of imprinting:
He thought it was an irreversible process . However, Guiton reversed the chickens imprinting and they were able to engage normally with other chickens

Question 9

Harlow: A03: Confounding variables

Answer 9

The two heads were different. This may have been a confounding variable, making the results lack internal vallidity.

Question 10

Harlow: A03: Generalising

Answer 10

Humans differ to monkeys: our behaviour is chosen by conscious decisions

Question 11

Harlow: A03: Ethics

Answer 11

Lasting emotional harm for the monkeys
Difficult to form relationships
However, do benefits outweigh costs?