Cultural Variation In Attachment

Question 1

Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenburg (1988)

procedure -

Answer 1

conducted a meta analysis of over 2000 strange situations in 8 countries. They wanted to find out if there were differences between cultures (inter-cultural) and differences within cultures (intra-cultural)

Question 2

Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenburg (1988)

Findings -

Answer 2

Secure attachment was the most common in every country with Insecure avoidant second most common except from in Israel and Japan. They also found that variation WITHIN cultures was greater than BETWEEN

Question 3

Van IJendoorn and Kroonenburg (1988):
Cultural Differences
Grossmann and Grossmann (1991)

Answer 3

found that German infants were seen as insecure rather than secure but this may be due to parenting styles in that in German cultures there’s an interpersonal distance between caregiver and infant to prevent proximity-seeking behaviours and thus insecure in the SS