Cultural Diversity Flashcards
Ethnocentrism:
belief that one’s own culture is the best or most desirable.
Culture is
Dynamic, grounded in history and is determinant of health
Eg. of backdrop to diversity in the history of Canada:
indigenous right to vote: 1960
Ban on black immigrants: 1911
…
Discrimination is
Judgements and actions that creat and reinforce oppressive conditions that marginalize,and/or restain the lives of those being discriminated. It can be couscious or subconscious to more institutional or systemic.
Barriers in health care access for immigrants: (3)
- Linguistic barriers
- Lack of information on how to navigate the system/health care literacy
- Cultural differences
Barriers for individual (immigrants) seeking health care: (3)
- fear of stigma
- Barrier of language
- Knowledge about the disorder
Barrier for immigrant related with health care system/HCP: (3)
- Work related
- Navigating the health system
- Cultural discrepancies (difference in culture)
Eg. of barrier in language:
Hard time explaining problem
When emotionnal, hard time to express feeling–>go toward their mother tongue.
Eg. of barrier for immigrant related to their work:
Work hours during clinics hours.
Navigation on the system facilitor:
Nurse navigator
Educating them about navigating the system in interaction
Eg. of cultural difference in values:
independence vs. interdependence.
Eg. of cultural difference in expectations:
Consent vs. agreement.
Interventions/solutions to promote ethnocultural health in Canada at the individual level: (2)
- Improve knowledge
2. Specific campaign targeting a population but not to specific–>discriminatory.
Interventions/solutions to promote ethnocultural health in Canada at the institutional/health care system level: (2)
- Cultural competencies (Enhance professional capacity to work with different ethnocultural group)
- Developping collaboration (with NGO in community to better understand ethnics groups)
Interventions/solutions to promote ethnocultural health in Canada at the society level: (1)
Improve tx outcome and compliance by investing more in primary care.
Way to prevent discrimination in targeted approach: (3)
- Increase knowledge of health care promotion
- Consulting
- Settings approach
Cultural intersections
Culture, diversity, race and ethnicity
5 elements to consider about culture related to health:
- Interpretation of health,healthcare, and health promotion
- Effect of spirituality and religion/perception of illness and death
- Family structure and roles. Childbearing and childrearing practices.
- Heritage and country of origin/reason for immigration.
- Language
Issues in healthcare related to cultural diversity:
- Additional health risks (lack acsess to cultural appropriate)
- Lower quality of care received –> lower health outcomes (cultural barriers,language,communication)
- Cultural differences and professional uncertainty (affect nurse/client relationship)
Cultural competency
A lifelong process of approaching relationships with openness rather than focusing on ‘‘knowing’’ specific cultures.
Cultural Safety:
Effective nursing practice as determined by the patient, its about cultural risk and outcome.
Sensitivity/Awarness is
understanding, respect, openness
The cultural competency is develop/construct by
critical reflection and action
Cultural competency and all others competency need previously:
Awareness –> Sensitivity –> Safety –> Competence
Gouvernment responsible in
Legislation, ensure healthcare organizations provide culturally competent care and funding
Regulatory bodies/professional associations responsible in
establishing standards and guidelines to promote cultural competency, advocating, promoting, developing and implementing indicators.
Step to acquire Cultural competency according to guestspeaker/teacher:
- Know thyself: Self Awareness (aware of stereotype,be open)
- Do not Assume (all immigrant are.. all natives are..)
- Education is Key (do research, Ask questions.)
Immigrant Categories:
- Family Class
- Economic Class
- Refugees
Risk/ vulnerabilities of immigrants:
- Income and social status/ underemployment
- Social support network (social exclusion)
- Education and Literacy
- Lack of knowledge of available resources
- Physical environments
Strenghs of immigrants:
-Resilience
-Diversity
-Survivorship skills
-Faith
-Life Experience
-Education
Coping (adaptability to change
-Determination
What to NOT do with immigrant/refugees
Victimize and stereotype them.
Language Barrier solution:
- Using alternatives to written communications (photo/picture)
- Working with interpreters (eg. family)
How to work with interpreters?
- Be aware of social class differences between interpreter and client.
- Be careful when using family members as interpreters (role definition)
- Be aware of confidentiality.
Key themes for building Cultural competency
- Practitioner skill set
- Workforce diversity
- Systems and supports
- Decision support syst. and practice improvement
- Education and training
- Collaboration
