CSIM 1.5 Flashcards
1
Q
what factors affect the invasiveness of neoplasm?
A
- abnormal cell motility
- decreased cell adhesion
- secretion of proteolytic enzymes
2
Q
what enzymes or substances help to degrade the extracellular matrix?
A
- metalloproteinases
- plasmin
- type IV collagenase
- non specific proteinases
3
Q
what are the pathways of spread for metastasis?
A
- lymphatic
- heamatogenous
- transcoelomic
4
Q
which type of metastasis spread through lymphatics?
A
carcinomas and not sacromas
5
Q
which type of metastasis spread through haematogenous spread?
A
- sacromas and carcinomas
6
Q
what does the haematogenous spread follow?
A
venous drainage
7
Q
Is lipoma malignant?
A
no
8
Q
is hepatoma malignant?
A
yes
9
Q
is lymphoma malignant?
A
yes
10
Q
is seminoma malignant?
A
yes
11
Q
what is seminoma?
A
malignant testicular neoplasm
12
Q
what features affect the grade of neoplasm?
A
- mitotic activity
- nuclear size
- degree of differentiation
13
Q
what staging is used for colorectal cancer?
A
duke’s staging
14
Q
what staging is generally used?
A
TNM staging
15
Q
what does TNM stand for?
A
T - size of tumour
M - metastasis
N - lymph nodes
