CSIM 1.12

Question 1

key features of innate immunity

Answer 1

• cells recognise and respond to pathogen in generic way

- immediate defence

Question 2

how does innate immunity activate adaptive immune system?

Answer 2

through antigen presentation

Question 3

how does innate immunity recruit immune cells to site of infections?

Answer 3

by production of chemical factors such as cytokines

Question 4

key features of specific immunity

Answer 4

• long lasting immunological memory
• enhanced response to subsequent encounters
• highly specific to particular pathogen

Question 5

what do innate leukocyte include?

Answer 5

• natural killer cells
• mast cells
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 6

function of mast cells?

Answer 6

• wound healing

- defence against pathogens involved in allergy

Question 7

function of eosinophils?

Answer 7

secrete highly toxic proteins and free radicals to kill parasite and damage tissue during allergic reaction

Question 8

function of basophils?

Answer 8

• defence against parasites and allergic reactions

Question 9

what does the phagocytic cell include?

Answer 9

• macrophages
• neutrophils
• dendritic cells

Question 10

function of dendritic cells?

Answer 10

important for antigen presentation and link with adaptive immune system

Question 11

role of cytokines in innate immunity?

Answer 11

• induce response by binding to receptor

- can affect behaviour of cell that releases cytokine

Question 12

role of complement in innate immunity?

Answer 12

• activation of inflammatory pathways
• recruitment of phagocytes
• opsonisation of pathogen
• removal of immune complexes
• lysis of certain pathogens

Question 13

what are acute phase proteins?

Answer 13

• class of protein whose plasma concentration increase or decrease in response to inflammation

Question 14

function of acute phase proteins?

Answer 14

• negative feedback on inflammatory response

- destroy or inhibit the growth of microbes

Question 15

what are interferons?

Answer 15

• signalling proteins made and released by host cells in response to pathogen

Question 16

function of interferons?

Answer 16

• activate immune cells

- increase host defences by upregulating antigen presentation

Question 17

what can activate dendritic cells?

Answer 17

T-cell derived cytokines

Question 18

what does T-lymphocytes produce?

Answer 18

• cytokines

Question 19

what does B lymphocytes produce?

Answer 19

• antibodies

- some cytokines

Question 20

what is the function of inflammation?

Answer 20

• eliminate initial cause of cell injury
• clear out necrotic cells
• initiate tissue repair

Question 21

how is inflammation induced in specific immune response?

Answer 21

by the activation of complement pathway

Question 22

how is inflamamtion induced in innate immune response?

Answer 22

• by the production of cytokines by macrophages and other cells