CSIM 1.2 Flashcards
1
Q
define necrosis?
A
- premature death of cells
- cell degradation by lysosomal enzymes
2
Q
define apoptosis?
A
- programmed cell death
3
Q
define pykinosis?
A
- irreversible condensation of chromatin in nucleus
4
Q
define karyorrhexis?
A
- fragmentation of nucleus
5
Q
define ischaemia?
A
lack of blood supply to and organ
6
Q
define infarction?
A
obstruction of blood supply causing death of tissue
7
Q
define hypoxia?
A
deficiency in the amount of oxygen
8
Q
define neoplasia?
A
presence or formation of new and abnormal growth of tissue
9
Q
how does free radicals cause cells to become injuried?
A
- cause disruption of plasma membrane
- cause abnormal folding
- break the DNA
10
Q
how does ischemia cause chromatin damage?
A
- anaerobic respiration cause decrease in pH and lead to clumping of nuclear chromatin
11
Q
what does ischemia do to cells?
A
- endoplasmic reticulum swelling
- cellular swelling
- loss of microvilli
- clumping of nucear chromatin
12
Q
how does ischemia cause ER swelling, cellular swelling and loss of microvilli?
A
- lack of ATP cause lack of sodium pump which lead to efflux of potassium and influx of calcium, water and sodium
13
Q
what damage does virus do to the cell?
A
- neoplasmic transformation
- cell lysis or fusion
- metabolic derangements
14
Q
what is colliquative necrosis?
A
- results in tissue becoming liquid viscous mass
- associated to bacterial or fungal
- cell digested by hydrolytic enaymes
- found in the CNS and lungs
15
Q
what is coagulative necrosis?
A
- injury denatures the structural proteins
- lack of lysosomal enzymes allow it to maintain coagulated
