Crude Oil And Alkanes

Question 1

How do we test for alkanes/ alkenes?

Answer 1

Add to bromine water. Is the solution stays orange it is an alkane. If the solution turns colourless it is an alkene as alkenes are more reactive

Question 2

What is crude oil?

Answer 2

A non-renewable resource, made of a large number of compounds, mainly hydrocarbons

Question 3

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

Molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

What are alkanes?

Answer 4

Saturated hydrocarbons with only single carbon-carbon (covalent) bonds. They are called saturated hydrocarbons as no more hydrogen atoms can be added

Question 5

General formula of alkanes

Answer 5

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 6

Formula of alkanes from methane to butane

Answer 6

Methane - CH4
Ethane - C2H6
Propane - C3H8
Butane - C4H10

Question 7

Fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 7

Hot crude oil (vapour) is directed into the bottom of the fractionating column. The hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points are realised from the bottom and those with lower boiling points, nearer to the top of the column

Question 8

Fractionated hydrocarbon uses

Answer 8

LPG- fuel for campfires
Petrol - fuel for cars
Naphtha - chemical feedstock
Kerosene - aircraft fuel
Diesel - fuel for cars or lorries
Fuel oil - power stations
Bitumen - taring roads

Question 9

As hydrocarbons get longer…

Answer 9

-boiling point increases
-viscosity increases
-flammability decreases
-volatility decreases