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Scientific foundations Of neuropsychiatry > Cross-sectional Anatomy > Flashcards

Cross-sectional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How does CT work differently from MRI?

A

X-Ray radiation
Attenuation of the X-Ray is measured for coefficient
Denser elements appear whiter, less dense darker
Generates images in trans-axial slices
3D image data allows for reconstruction in any plane

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2
Q

How does MRI work differently from CT?

A

Uses radio waves and magnetic fields

Measures the hydrogen content of each voxel (3D section) and represents it as shades of grey (or colour) in pixels

Images can be obtained in different planes and angles simultaneously

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3
Q

What is bright on a T1 weighted image?

A

T1 - Fat
White matter is brighter than grey matter
Bone is white (fat of the bone marrow)
Ventricles are dark

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4
Q

What is white on a T2 weighted image?

A

T2 - water

Ventricles are white
Grey matter is white (outer edge of brain)

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5
Q

What are the axes for imaging?

A

Cranial - caudal
Dorsal - ventral
Superior - inferior
Anterior - posterior
Medial - lateral

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6
Q

What are the planes for imaging?

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Axial

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7
Q

How do you find the central sulcus?

A

Sylvian fissure
Inferior frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal sulcus
Precentral sulcus
Central sulcus

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8
Q

Which gyrus is thicker, precentral or post central?

A

Precentral gyrus (motor) is thicker than the post central gyrus

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9
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Inferior frontal lobe - pars opercularis

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10
Q

Where is the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Immediately posterior to the post central gyrus

Composed of supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

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11
Q

How do you find the supramarginal gyrus?

A

Part of the inferior parietal lobule
Horseshoe directly superior to the back of the Sylvian fissure

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12
Q

What is the location and function of the angular gyrus?

A

Inferior parietal lobule
Directly posterior to supramarginal gyrus

Left: language
Semantic and phonologic
Reading and writing
Word and sentence comprehension
Processing and understanding numbers

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13
Q

What syndrome arises from damage to the left angular gyrus?

A

Gerstmann syndrome

Finger agnosia
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
R-L disorientation

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14
Q

What are the three components of the temporal lobe?

A

Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus

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15
Q

What are the three components of the occipital lobe?

A

Superior occipital gyrus
Middle occipital gyrus
Inferior occipital gyrus

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16
Q

What is the location and function of Herschl’s gyrus?

A

Immediately posterior to the insula
Function: Primary auditory cortex

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17
Q

How does the precentral gyrus present in a mid-sagittal section?

A

Hook

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18
Q

What is the sulcus immediately superior to the corpus callosum?

A

Callosal sulcus

19
Q

What is the gyrus immediately superior to the callosal sulcus?

A

Cingulate gyrus

20
Q

What part of the cingulate sulcus is on the surface of the brain?

A

Pars marginalis
(Posterior to post central gyrus)
Bracket sign in axial view

21
Q

What is the para central lobule composed of?

A

Pre and post central gyri

22
Q

What gyrus is directly anterior to the para central lobule?

A

Superior frontal gyrus

23
Q

What gyri does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A

Precuneus (parietal)
Cuneus (occipital)

24
Q

What structure is inferior to the cuneus?

A

Lingual gyrus

25
Q

What is the role of the lingual gyrus?

A

Identification and recognition of words

26
Q

How can you identify the central sulcus in the axial plane?

A

Door handle/omega shaped sulcus
Precentral gyrus thicker than postcentral gyrus

27
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

Primary motor area

28
Q

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

29
Q

What is the location and function of the supplementary motor area?

A

Posterior aspect of the superior frontal gyrus

Planning, coordination, and initiation of movement

30
Q

What is the location and function of the promotors cortex?

A

At the posterior junction of the superior and middle frontal gyri

Integration of stimuli for movement related tasks, including mirroring

31
Q

What is the operculum?

A

The part of the brain that covers the insula

32
Q

Where is the fusiform gyrus found on a coronal section?

A

Medial and inferior to the inferior temporal gyrus

33
Q

What part of the brain is associated with navigation?

A

Hippocampus (spatial memory)

34
Q

What structure connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies

A

Fornix

35
Q

What kind of matter are the basal ganglia?

A

Grey matter (nuclei)

36
Q

Which structure is more anterior, the caudate or the putamen ?

A

Caudate

37
Q

What is the collective name of the putamem and the globus pallidus?

A

Lentiform nucleus

38
Q

What are the white matter structures around the basal ganglia?

A

Internal and external capsules

39
Q

What is the location and function of the thalamus?

A

Medial to the posterior limb of the putamen
Relay of information
Consciousness
Sleep
Memory
Sensory and motor functions?

40
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from?

A

Midbrain pons and medulla

41
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Posture
Balance
Coordination
Sleep

42
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricles

43
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Scientific foundations Of neuropsychiatry (26 decks)

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