Cross Culture and Women in Work Flashcards
Culture
The underlying values, attitudes and beliefs shared by groups that are relatively stable but may change over time.
Power Distance
The distance between people in authority and others in society.
Collectivist
Collectivist societies emphasise in group relationships and group achievement. Hiring and promotion is based on in group ties and training is best done in group settings.
Individualist
Emphasise personal achievement and individuals act in the interest of themselves. Hiring and promotion based on merit and training best done with a focus on the individual.
Time Orientation
The extent to which a culture focuses on the past, present, near or distant future. Long-term focuses on future goals and plans, whereas short-term focuses on the here and now.
Uncertainty Avoidance
The extent to which people avoid or embrace ambiguity and uncertainty in their environment.
Masculinity
The extent to which a culture privileges masculine behaviour patterns (competitiveness/aggressiveness) or feminine behaviour patterns (caring/nurturance).
Cognitive Style
High-context - focus on how things are said and done. Focus on the context of the interaction and are indirect in communication.
Low-context - Focus on the content of what is being said. If things are unclear, they may perceive this as not knowing the topic.
Cultural Proficiency
Awareness of the limitations of skills when interacting with other cultures.
Cultural Blindness
Acting as if cultural differences don’t matter or don’t exist.
Cultural Competence
Interacting with other using cultural proficiency.
Women and Performance Appraisal
Good work done by a woman is more likely to be attributed to good luck or team effort, whereas comparable work done by a man is likely to be attributed to skill or ability.
Occupational Segregation
Types of jobs and positions within a workplace are viewed as being more appropriate for a particular gender (eg men are doctors, women are nurses).
Glass Ceiling
The invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching top levels of management within an organisation.
