Cross cultural concepts and terms

Question 1

WORLDVIEW

Answer 1

How we perceive and evaluate situations

Question 2

internal locus of control / internal locus of responsibility (IC-IR)

Answer 2

believe they are in control of their own outcomes and responsible for their own success/failure

Question 3

internal locus of control/ external locus of responsibility - IC-ER

Answer 3

Believe they can determine their own outcomes if given the chance but people stop them from doing so

example: Dwight Shrute

Question 4

external locus of control / external locus of responsibility - EC-ER

Answer 4

Believe they have no control over outcomes and are not responsible for them

example: Jenna Z. the Italian Jenna

Question 5

EC- IR

Answer 5

Believe they have little control over their outcomes but take responsibility for their own failures

Question 6

What is the worldview of most Americans

Answer 6

IC-IR

Question 7

People with IC-ER likely will be challenging for a white therapist with WHAT because WHY?

Answer 7

IC-IR because they will view therapist/therapy as sources of oppression

Question 8

Acculturation strategies

Answer 8

-INTEGRATION: integrate aspects of both cultures
-ASSIMILATION: reject their own minority culture adopt majority culture
-SEPARATION: Reject majority culture
-MARGINALIZATION: Reject both

Question 9

functional paranoia

Answer 9

unhealthy psychological condition that involves pervasive suspicion and distrtrust

Question 10

healthy cultural paranoia

Answer 10

normal reaction to prejudice and discrimination; will need white therapist to prove themselves before they self-disclose to them

Question 11

microassault

Answer 11

explicit - like name calling; “old fashioned racism”

Question 12

microinsults

Answer 12

verbal/nonverbal messages that are insensitive - e.g., pathologizing culture/communication styles of minority groups, believing they are dangerous/deviant because of their race

Question 13

microinvalidation

Answer 13

communications that exclude/negate the feelings of POC; assuming POC are foreigners, colorblindness, pretending race has no effect on life

Question 14

interalized racism

Answer 14

when someone accepts societies negative beliefs and steroetypes about their racial group

Question 15

emic perspective

Answer 15

bx is affected by culture so psych interventions that apply to one culture may not apply to another

Question 16

etic perspective

Answer 16

bx is similar across cultures

Question 17

autoplastic interventions

Answer 17

focus on making changes in the client so that they can adapt to the environment - like gaining insight into their problems

Question 18

alloplastic interventions

Answer 18

alter environment to meet the clients needs - like leaving a toxic work environment

Question 19

cultural encapsulation

Answer 19

inability of some MH professionals to work well with members of different cultural backgrounds

Question 20

tight cultures

Answer 20

have strong social norms and low tolerance for deviant bx

Question 21

loose cultures

Answer 21

weak social norms, high tolerance for deviant bx

Question 22

Arkansas has a tight or loose culture?

Answer 22

Tight

Question 23

CA has a tight or loose culture?

Answer 23

loose

Question 24

tight vs loose - greater adherence to social norms?

Answer 24

tight

Question 25

high context communication

Answer 25

relies on group understanding, nonverbal messages, and context

Question 26

low context communication

Answer 26

relies on verbal message independent of context - white mainstream culture

Question 27

diagnostic overshaddowing

Answer 27

MH professions attributing problems of people with ID to their dx - can also apply to other characteristics (e.g., presenting problems of gay clients are related to sexual orientation)

Question 28

minority stress theory

Answer 28

explains the increased risk of MH problems among sexual minority individuals

Question 29

proximal minority stress problem

Answer 29

internal - internalized heterosexism, self esteem

Question 30

distal stress

Answer 30

outside the person- harassment

Question 31

gift giving is important to which culture

Answer 31

asian american

Question 32

“achieved status”

Answer 32

a therapists experience working with members of someones culture

Question 33

cultural competent therapy: AA

Answer 33

-egalitarian approach, time limited, problem solving (e.g., multi-systems)

Question 34

cultural competent therapy: American Indians

Answer 34

-regard wellness as harmony of mind, body, and spirit
-more emphasis on nonverbal v. verbal communication
-eye contact = disrespect
-handshake= aggressive
-collaborative approach is preferred/ client-centered

Question 35

hispanic/latino

Answer 35

-family welfare > individual welfare
-like CBT

Question 36

lgbtq

Answer 36

-2x more likely to have MH problems - even more for bisexuals
-gay men go to therapy most
-increase risk for premature termination
-gay men are more likely to be depressed after coming out, lesbians are less likely

Question 37

older adults

Answer 37

-slower pace for therapy is more effective
-c/o physical/cog sx of depression vs. psych