Cross cultural concepts and terms Flashcards
WORLDVIEW
How we perceive and evaluate situations
internal locus of control / internal locus of responsibility (IC-IR)
believe they are in control of their own outcomes and responsible for their own success/failure
internal locus of control/ external locus of responsibility - IC-ER
Believe they can determine their own outcomes if given the chance but people stop them from doing so
example: Dwight Shrute
external locus of control / external locus of responsibility - EC-ER
Believe they have no control over outcomes and are not responsible for them
example: Jenna Z. the Italian Jenna
EC- IR
Believe they have little control over their outcomes but take responsibility for their own failures
What is the worldview of most Americans
IC-IR
People with IC-ER likely will be challenging for a white therapist with WHAT because WHY?
IC-IR because they will view therapist/therapy as sources of oppression
Acculturation strategies
-INTEGRATION: integrate aspects of both cultures
-ASSIMILATION: reject their own minority culture adopt majority culture
-SEPARATION: Reject majority culture
-MARGINALIZATION: Reject both
functional paranoia
unhealthy psychological condition that involves pervasive suspicion and distrtrust
healthy cultural paranoia
normal reaction to prejudice and discrimination; will need white therapist to prove themselves before they self-disclose to them
microassault
explicit - like name calling; “old fashioned racism”
microinsults
verbal/nonverbal messages that are insensitive - e.g., pathologizing culture/communication styles of minority groups, believing they are dangerous/deviant because of their race
microinvalidation
communications that exclude/negate the feelings of POC; assuming POC are foreigners, colorblindness, pretending race has no effect on life
interalized racism
when someone accepts societies negative beliefs and steroetypes about their racial group
emic perspective
bx is affected by culture so psych interventions that apply to one culture may not apply to another
etic perspective
bx is similar across cultures
autoplastic interventions
focus on making changes in the client so that they can adapt to the environment - like gaining insight into their problems
alloplastic interventions
alter environment to meet the clients needs - like leaving a toxic work environment
cultural encapsulation
inability of some MH professionals to work well with members of different cultural backgrounds
tight cultures
have strong social norms and low tolerance for deviant bx
loose cultures
weak social norms, high tolerance for deviant bx
Arkansas has a tight or loose culture?
Tight
CA has a tight or loose culture?
loose
tight vs loose - greater adherence to social norms?
tight
high context communication
relies on group understanding, nonverbal messages, and context
low context communication
relies on verbal message independent of context - white mainstream culture
diagnostic overshaddowing
MH professions attributing problems of people with ID to their dx - can also apply to other characteristics (e.g., presenting problems of gay clients are related to sexual orientation)
minority stress theory
explains the increased risk of MH problems among sexual minority individuals
proximal minority stress problem
internal - internalized heterosexism, self esteem
distal stress
outside the person- harassment
gift giving is important to which culture
asian american
“achieved status”
a therapists experience working with members of someones culture
cultural competent therapy: AA
-egalitarian approach, time limited, problem solving (e.g., multi-systems)
cultural competent therapy: American Indians
-regard wellness as harmony of mind, body, and spirit
-more emphasis on nonverbal v. verbal communication
-eye contact = disrespect
-handshake= aggressive
-collaborative approach is preferred/ client-centered
hispanic/latino
-family welfare > individual welfare
-like CBT
lgbtq
-2x more likely to have MH problems - even more for bisexuals
-gay men go to therapy most
-increase risk for premature termination
-gay men are more likely to be depressed after coming out, lesbians are less likely
older adults
-slower pace for therapy is more effective
-c/o physical/cog sx of depression vs. psych
