Critical Thinking & Research Flashcards
3 main questions to ask:
- What c….. is being made?
- What is the e……… for the claim?
- How c…….. is the evidence?
Claim
Evidence
Credible
Just because something sounds reasonable……….
Doesn’t mean it’s true
Is the claim g……. or s……..
General
Specific
All evidence is not c………. e……
Created
Equal
Effects are described using anecdotes, personal experiences, personal theories, gut feelings etc S………..
Subjective
Effects are defined in terms that are specific, observable and measurable o…………
Objective
Research that is valuable but can’t tell us about cause and effects relationship D………. Or C………..
Descriptive
Correlational
Research that systematically manipulates variables to determine cause and effects E……….
Experimental
Appealing to science without the scinific data to back it up is called p………….
Psudeoscienc
Three purposes of science:
What we are talking about: d……..
Forming hypothesis: p……….
Reliably influence events: e………. Or c………
Descriptive
Prediction
Explanation or control
Research aimed at gathering information as it is about some area of interest: D…………. Research
Descriptive
Detailed description of somones life: c…….. S……
Case study
Data in natural environment: n………. O……..
Naturalistic observations
Old records/ evidence: a……….. r………
Archival research
Marketing surveys that find particular variables: s………. r………
Survey research
Research that determines the relationship between variables: c……….. r………
Correlation research
Correlations describe the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. Strength is indicated by n……….
Number
Direction is indicated by a p…… or m……. sign
Plus or minus
The n…… is always stronger than the s……
Number
Sign
Plus is a p…… correlation
Positive
Minus is a n………. correlation
Negative
Relationship between 2 voiles in which an increase in one is related to an increase in the other p…….. c……..
Positive correlation
Relationship between 2 variables in which an increase in one is related to a decrease in another: n……….. c………
Negative correlation
Situation in which there is no observed relationship between variables: N….. C………….
No correlation
Correlation does n…….. Mean causation
Not
Research that manipulates variables to show cause and effect: e…….. r…….
Experimental research
Variable that the reaserch is trying to explain or measure: d…….. v…….
Dependant variable (dv)
Variable that is systemtically varied or controlled by the researcher in order to affect the DV: I……….. V……..
Independent variable (iv)
The most common experimental design: g……. d………
Group designs
Group which gets exposure to the IV e…….. g…….
Experimental group
Comparison group which does not get exposure to the IV c……… g…….
Control group
Situation in which each participant has an dual opportunity to be assigned to other group r………. a………..
Random assignment
A strategy the allows more in depth observation of individual differences and more frequent measures of the DV s……….. s…….. d…….
Single subject designs
Measurement of behaviour prior to or without the application of the IV b………..
Baseline
Design that shows the effect of the IV by systematically removing it nd returning to baseline
ABAB DESIGN
Designtt shows th effect of the IV by staggering it’s implementation across people settings or behaviours M…….. B…….. D…….
Multiple baseline design
