Critical Thinking & Research

Question 1

3 main questions to ask:

1. What c….. is being made?
2. What is the e……… for the claim?
3. How c…….. is the evidence?

Answer 1

Claim
Evidence
Credible

Question 2

Just because something sounds reasonable……….

Answer 2

Doesn’t mean it’s true

Question 3

Is the claim g……. or s……..

Answer 3

General

Specific

Question 4

All evidence is not c………. e……

Answer 4

Created

Equal

Question 5

Effects are described using anecdotes, personal experiences, personal theories, gut feelings etc S………..

Answer 5

Subjective

Question 6

Effects are defined in terms that are specific, observable and measurable o…………

Answer 6

Objective

Question 7

Research that is valuable but can’t tell us about cause and effects relationship D………. Or C………..

Answer 7

Descriptive

Correlational

Question 8

Research that systematically manipulates variables to determine cause and effects E……….

Answer 8

Experimental

Question 9

Appealing to science without the scinific data to back it up is called p………….

Answer 9

Psudeoscienc

Question 10

Three purposes of science:
What we are talking about: d……..
Forming hypothesis: p……….
Reliably influence events: e………. Or c………

Answer 10

Descriptive
Prediction
Explanation or control

Question 11

Research aimed at gathering information as it is about some area of interest: D…………. Research

Answer 11

Descriptive

Question 12

Detailed description of somones life: c…….. S……

Answer 12

Case study

Question 13

Data in natural environment: n………. O……..

Answer 13

Naturalistic observations

Question 14

Old records/ evidence: a……….. r………

Answer 14

Archival research

Question 15

Marketing surveys that find particular variables: s………. r………

Answer 15

Survey research

Question 16

Research that determines the relationship between variables: c……….. r………

Answer 16

Correlation research

Question 17

Correlations describe the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. Strength is indicated by n……….

Answer 17

Number

Question 18

Direction is indicated by a p…… or m……. sign

Answer 18

Plus or minus

Question 19

The n…… is always stronger than the s……

Answer 19

Number

Sign

Question 20

Plus is a p…… correlation

Answer 20

Positive

Question 21

Minus is a n………. correlation

Answer 21

Negative

Question 22

Relationship between 2 voiles in which an increase in one is related to an increase in the other p…….. c……..

Answer 22

Positive correlation

Question 23

Relationship between 2 variables in which an increase in one is related to a decrease in another: n……….. c………

Answer 23

Negative correlation

Question 24

Situation in which there is no observed relationship between variables: N….. C………….

Answer 24

No correlation

Question 25

Correlation does n…….. Mean causation

Answer 25

Not

Question 26

Research that manipulates variables to show cause and effect: e…….. r…….

Answer 26

Experimental research

Question 27

Variable that the reaserch is trying to explain or measure: d…….. v…….

Answer 27

Dependant variable (dv)

Question 28

Variable that is systemtically varied or controlled by the researcher in order to affect the DV: I……….. V……..

Answer 28

Independent variable (iv)

Question 29

The most common experimental design: g……. d………

Answer 29

Group designs

Question 30

Group which gets exposure to the IV e…….. g…….

Answer 30

Experimental group

Question 31

Comparison group which does not get exposure to the IV c……… g…….

Answer 31

Control group

Question 32

Situation in which each participant has an dual opportunity to be assigned to other group r………. a………..

Answer 32

Random assignment

Question 33

A strategy the allows more in depth observation of individual differences and more frequent measures of the DV s……….. s…….. d…….

Answer 33

Single subject designs

Question 34

Measurement of behaviour prior to or without the application of the IV b………..

Answer 34

Baseline

Question 35

Design that shows the effect of the IV by systematically removing it nd returning to baseline

Answer 35

ABAB DESIGN

Question 36

Designtt shows th effect of the IV by staggering it’s implementation across people settings or behaviours M…….. B…….. D…….

Answer 36

Multiple baseline design