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Crisis Intervention > Crisis Intervention-Ch 8,Child Abuse > Flashcards

Crisis Intervention-Ch 8,Child Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

1874, Mary Ellen was severely beaten by her parents. After denied assistance by the New York Dept of Charities, ________ founder and president of the ____________ took her case to court.

A

Henry Burg

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

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2
Q

Following year after Mary Ellen case, the first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was formed in the US

A

empty

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3
Q

1974, Congress enacted _______

A

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.- Federal resource to support states duty and power to act on behalf of a child when parents are unable or unwilling to do so.

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4
Q

This duty and power arise from the

A

parens patriae doctrine, which vests in the state a right of guardianship of minors

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5
Q

defined by both federal and state legislation, are acts or failures to act by parents or caretakers which result in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation

A

Child abuse and neglect

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6
Q

the _____________ defines physical abuse as any act which, regardless of intent, results in a nonaccidental physical injury.

A

National Foundation for Abuse and Neglected Children.

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7
Q

most frequently occurring type of abuse

A

Physical abuse

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8
Q

most common cause of child abuse related deaths is

A

head injuries

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9
Q

Sexual abuse refers to acts committed by a person responsible for the care of the child

A

parent, babysitter, day car provider, other person responsible for the child

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10
Q

Sexual assault includes sexual acts committed by person who is not responsible for the care of the child

A

empty

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11
Q

_________refers to use of a minor under the age of 18 for sexual purposes by an older person in any or all three ways:

A

sexual exploitation

  1. child pornography
  2. child prostitution
  3. computer solicitation
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12
Q

5 categories of regulated conduct regarding pornography can be decribed

A
  1. production
  2. trafficking
  3. advertisement
  4. possession
  5. procurement
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13
Q

The federal government’s primary law involving child prostitution is the

A

Mann Act-

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14
Q

Mann Act

A

criminalizes the transportation of individual under 18 in interstate or foreign commerce with intent that the individual engage in prostitution or any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense.

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15
Q

second most frequently occurring type of abuse is

A

emotional abuse- act or omission that causes

1. serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders

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16
Q

_____ is characterized by the failure to provide for the child’s basic needs.

A

child neglect

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17
Q

professionals and nonprofessionals must reach agreement on definitions of mininmally adequate levels of care for a child’s physical, intellectual and emotional development.

A

empty

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18
Q

one widely accepted conceptual definition that states child neglect is:

A

a condition in which a caretaker responsible for the child, either deliberately or by extraordinary inattentiveness, permits the child to experience avoidable present suffering and or fails to provide one or more of the ingredients generally deemed essential for developing person’s physical, intellectual and emotional capacities.

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19
Q

Neglect can be ____,_____, or ______

A

physical, educational or emotional

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20
Q

most frequently occuring type of neglect

A

physical- failure to provide for childs physical survival needs to the extent that there is harm or risk of harm to child’s health or safety.

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21
Q

physical neglect can include

A 
refusal of health care
delay in health care
abandonment
expulsion
other custody issues
other physical neglect
inadequate supervision
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22
Q

educational neglect- second most frequently occurring type of neglect.

A

permitted chronic truancy
failure to enroll
inattention to special education

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23
Q

emotional neglect

A 
inadequate nurturing/affection
chronic/extreme abuse or domestic violence
permitted drug/alcohol abuse
permitted other maladaptive behavior
refusal of psychological care
delay in psychological care
other emotional neglect
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24
Q

National Data on Child Abuse and Neglect:

most underreported form of child maltreatment is

A

sexual abuse

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25
Q

Several risk factors for maltreatment

A
  1. single-parent families- 87 percent greater risk of being harmed by physical neglect, 80% risk of serious injury
  2. poverty- children from families with annual income below $15,000 were 22 times more likely to experience maltreatment. 18 times more likely to be sexually abused, 56 times more likely to be educationally neglected, 22 times more likely to be seriously injured.
  3. sex of victim- girls are 3 times more often than boys, while boys are at greatest risk of emotional neglect and serious injury than girls. Yet all children are consistently more vulnerable to sexual abuse from age 3.
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26
Q

Since the National Incident Study-3, reports containing child abuse and neglect statistics have been released and show a decline from _____ child victims of maltreatment in 1998 to an estimated ______ in 1999.

A

903,0000, 826,0000

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27
Q

most common pattern of maltreatment was a child victimized by _______ parent acting alone.

A

female

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28
Q

_____ were identified as the perpetrators of sexual abuse

A

male parents

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29
Q

_____ remains the most frequent form of maltreatment.

A

neglect

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30
Q

information on child abuse offenses known to the police is available thru the _____

A

National Incident-Based Reporting System

31
Q

US Dept of Justice is replacing the UCR with the more comprehensive NIBRS system.

A

NIBRS collects demographic info on all victims; their injuries; victims perception of offenders ages, gender, race, and victim-offender relationship.

32
Q

NIBRS has been implemented in jurisdictions in 17 states, covering 11% of the population and in nine percent of the crime

A

empty

33
Q

Sexual abuse reported to the police:

most frequently reported sexual assault charge was

A 
forcible fondling 45%, followed by
forcible rape 42%
forcible sodomy 8%
sexual assault with an object 4%
67%, two-thirds of all victims of sexual assault were juveniles under 18, with more than half under age 12
34
Q

one of every seven victims of sexual assault under age

A

6

35
Q

juveniles were the large majority of the victims of forcible fondling 84%, forcible sodomy 79% and sexual asslt with object 75%

A

empty

36
Q

27% of all offenders were family members of victims

A

49% of offenders of victims under age 6 were family members
42% of offenders who sexually assaulted youth ages 6-11
24% of offenders assaulted juv. age 12-17.

37
Q

except for victims under age 6, most sexual assault offender were not family members but were otherwise known to victim

A

3% of offenders in sexual asslt of children under age 6 were strangers.
5% of offenders of youth 6-12 strangers
10% of offenders of juv. age 12-17 strangers

38
Q

in general, victim-offender relationship were similiar for male and female victims

A

empty

39
Q

Has there been a decline in sexual abuse cases?:

A

From CPS, child sexual abuse decreased 31 % between 1991 and 1998, from 149,800 cases in 1991 to 103.600 cases in 1998.
in 33 states, there has been a steady decline over years,

40
Q

In 1995 the US Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect reported that a realistic estimate of annual child deaths as a result of abuse and neglect is about 2000, or approx 5 children per day.

A

empty

41
Q

In 1999 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System of the Childrens Bureau of the US Dept of Health and Human Services reported that an estimated 1100 children died of abuse or neglect.

A

children less than one accounted for 42.6%

86% were under 5

42
Q

fatal abuse usually occurs in one or two ways

A
  1. repeated abuse and neglect over a period of time or

2. in a single, impulsive incident of assault; drowning, suffocating or shaking

43
Q

50 state survey by Prevent Child Abuse America estimated 1396 children died from abuse or neglect in 1999.

A

empty

44
Q

Most consistent finding in the child abuse literature is that maltreating parents often report having been physically, sexually or emotionally abuse or neglected as children.

A

empty

45
Q

substance abuse, including alcohol abuse,has become increasing problem related to child maltreatment as a number of women abusing drugs increase.

A

empty

46
Q

due to their physical size and development status, are vulnerable to certain forms of maltreatment, such as battered child syndrome, the whiplash shaking infant syndrome.

A

younger children

47
Q

Most neglectful families are single parent families. The absence of father in majority of neglectful families means lower income and less tangible resources to provide for childrens needs.

A

empty

48
Q

Gaudin identified 9 factors as useful in predicting the likelihood of child-neglect

A
  1. previous referrals for neglect
  2. number of previous out of home placements
  3. caretaker neglected as a child
  4. single caretaker in home at time of referral
  5. caretaker history of drug/alcohol abuse
  6. age of youngest caretaker at time of referral
  7. number of children in home
49
Q

some behavioral signs that an individual has potential to abuse children

A
  1. yelling or screaming at children
  2. grabbing or jerking
  3. not letting a child speak
  4. controlling activities w/o allowing child to make choice
  5. insisting children be obedient and respectful
50
Q

Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, Smith identified 8 situations in which children are vulnerable to being sexually abused.

A
  1. step father in home
  2. victim lived w/o mother a mother at some point
  3. victim not close to mother
  4. mother did not finish high school
  5. mother sexually punitive toward child
  6. no physical affection from father
  7. income under 10,000
  8. child has two friends or less
51
Q

To qualify for funding under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, all 50 states have passed mandatory child abuse and neglect reporting laws.

A

empty

52
Q

Under the Indian Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention Act, certain professionals are required to report suspected child maltreatment on tribal lands.

A

empty

53
Q

DCS and CPS accept all referrals involving sexual abuse of children under age 13, regardless of the previous relationship between the alleged victim and alleged perpetrator. DCS and CPS do not inviestigate

A

sexual abuse allegations of child 13 to 18 yrs of age by an alleged perp who does not have a relationship with the child.

54
Q

to protect children from harm and rehabilitate families, the CPS process consists of six stages

A
  1. intake
  2. initial assessment/investigatio
  3. family assessment
  4. case planning
  5. treatment
  6. evaluation of family progress and case closure
55
Q

47 percent of cases of child abuse or neglect do not present adequate evidence to be substantiated.

A

empty

56
Q

law enforcement officer may be involved in child abuse and neglect in 3 ways

A
  1. as reporter of suspected child abuse or neglect
  2. a recipient of a report of child abuse/neglect
  3. investigator of a report of child abuse/neglect
57
Q

law enforcement play additional roles in communitys response to child abuse/neglect

A
  1. prevention/advocacy
  2. reporting
  3. support to CPS
  4. immediate response
  5. investigative role
58
Q

Thru Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, federal government has demanded that states receiving federal funds establish multidisciplinary teams to conduct joint investigations of child abuse/neglect.

A 
Multidisciplinary teams represent
law enforcement
CPS-- Additional members include following
medical providers
mental health
victim assistance agencies
legal and judicial officers
59
Q

Key functions of healthcare providers include

A

identifying and reporting suspected cases of abuse and neglect
providing diagnostic and treatment services

60
Q

service provided by victim/witness assistance programs fall within 8 stages of criminal justice process

A
  1. emergency response
  2. victim stabilization
  3. resource mobilization
  4. after arrest
  5. pre-court appearance
  6. court appearance
  7. presentence
  8. postsentence
61
Q

to enhance the capacity to respond effectively to cases of child sexual exploitation, three interagency models have been proposed.

A
  1. network model- education, building resources and encouraging personal contact.
  2. task force model- standing team of experts whose work is dedicated to proactive and reactive case investigation and prosecution. this model is perhaps most feasible in jurisdiction experiencing a reasonably steady caseload of M-team child exploit cases
  3. strike force- pulls together agency reprensentatives, including victim services specialists, This model may be more appropriate or feasible i jurisdiction where such cases are rare or where resources are limited.
62
Q

following describes the roles and responsibilities of the various federal, state and local agencies in child sexual exploitation cases

A
  1. US Dept of Justice, Criminal Div- The Child Exploitation and Oscenitity Section.
  2. US Attorney-
  3. FBI
  4. US Postal Inspection Service
  5. US customs service
  6. Military Criminal Investigative Organizations
  7. State Attorney General’ Office
  8. Prosecutors
  9. State and local law enforcement agencies
63
Q

In 1967 Gault decision, US Supreme Court found that juvenile court had not been meeting the needs of children.

A

all juvenile courts actions have been more procdeurally technical.

64
Q

criminal matters is beyond a reasonable doubt

A

empty

65
Q

civil matter require only a preponderance of evidence.

A

empty

66
Q

purpose of juvenile and family courts is to resolve conflict and when necessary, intervene in the lives of families to promote what is in the best interest of children.

A

empty

67
Q

juvenile and family court intervention may be required in cases of child maltreatment when

A
  1. family refuses to cooperate after it has been determined that abuse/neglect has occured.
  2. child is determined to be in imminent danger of harm and child’s safety cannot be assured.
  3. families are unwilling to accept needed services.
68
Q

purpose of criminal court is to protect victims and public from offenders and to rehabilitate those who break the law

A

empty

69
Q

Investigators involved in child maltreatment cases must determine if maltreatment has occurred and if so, who is responsible, whether criminal prosecution is warranted and what, if any, actions should be taken to protect the child

A

empty

70
Q

To succeed in a child maltreatment case, sufficient evidence must be presented to court t prove that

A
  1. child has been harm
  2. in criminal trial, defendant was the perpatrator of this harm
  3. may be proved thru direct evidence- child’s testimony, eyewitnesses
  4. demonstrative evidence
  5. circumstantial evidence
71
Q

evidence of documents photographs, x-rays is

A

demonstrative evidence

72
Q

indirect evidence, expert testimony, hearsay is

A

circumstantial evidence

73
Q

child’s testimony, eyewitness

A

direct evidence

74
Q

Steps to investigation:

A

1.first step in any investigation is to
interview the reporter of the maltreatment.
2. conduct field interviews-crime scene,,
3. interview victims
4, interview siblings, other children

Crisis Intervention (12 decks)

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