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Sociology > Crime & deviance > Flashcards

Crime & deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define crime

A

Legal wrong followed by legal consequences, punishable by law

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2
Q

Define deviance

A

Disapproved by majority of society

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3
Q

Define social order

A

General conformity to n&v’s, interests of achieving social order

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4
Q

Define social control

A

Society is persuaded to follow rules, agencies ensure conformity

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5
Q

What is the difference between informal & formal social control?

A

Formal: military, courts, police, criminal justice system
Informal: peer & religious groups, workplace, education system, media

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6
Q

How are OCS produced & collated

A

From court, prison, police records & CSEW
Collated by Home Office

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7
Q

What is police recorded crime?

A

Supplied by police forces & transport police
Definitive measure of crime, include what police are aware of

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8
Q

What are 4 strengths of PRC?

A

Easy to access
Up-to-date
Whole counts not estimates
No ethical issues

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9
Q

What are 4 limitations of PRC?

A

Doesn’t include undetected/unrecorded
Misses unrecorded- dark figure of crime
Not providing a complete picture
Accuracy varies by area
Pressure on police to meet targets

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10
Q

What is the ‘dark figure of crime’?

A

All unrecorded crime, unlikely to be in proportion

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11
Q

What is the problem with police discretion

A

Corrupt officers misrecording
Linked to typical criminal stereotype

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12
Q

What do functionalists say about PRC?

A

Trust quantitative as facts
Reliable & representative
Police represent society
Typical criminal is a ‘starting point’

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13
Q

What do New Right sociologist say about PRC?

A

Accept that crime is represented by PRC
Laws made to benefit equally
Police represent interests of the whole society
Focus on explaining criminality by underclass

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14
Q

What do left realists say about PRC?

A

Shouldn’t be dismissed, should be supplemented by other methods

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15
Q

What do some feminists say about PRC?

A

Accept that females commit less
Look at high levels of social control for females

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16
Q

What do Marxists say about PRC?

A

PRC is a tool of control
Used to scare & justify more policing

17
Q

What do interactionists say about PRC?

A

Focus on social construction of statistics (labelling)

18
Q

What do radical criminologists say about PRC?

A

Combine Marxism & interactionism
Focus on power on police for political reasons
Idea used to challenge over-representation of ethnic minorities

19
Q

What do others sociologists (like feminists) say about PRC?

A

Female offenders treated differently in courts & if anything males are underrepresented in crime
Challenge accuracy of statistics

20
Q

What does a victim survey involve?

A

Asks about the crimes they have been victim to, like the CSEW

21
Q

Discuss the CSEW

A

Nationally representitive
Response rate of CSEW
Reflects profile of general population
Questions about property & personal crimes
Able to reveal extent of domestic crimes more than in PRC

22
Q

What are 4 limitations of the CSEW

A

Victimless crimes
Only people over 16 in the past
Only a sample/estimate
Response rate 75%

23
Q

Who conducted the Islington crime surveys?

A

Jones, Maclean and Young
Kinsey

24
Q

What did the Islington crime & Kinsey’s survey focus on?

A

On specific geographical areas
Impact of crime on the vunerable
Degree that crime had shaped lives

25
Q

What are some of the findings from the ICS?

A

1/3 of households touched by serious crime
1/4 of people avoided going out after dark
28% felt unsafe in own homes
1/2 of the women did not go out after dark
46% worried about mugging, 40% actually knew someone who had been mugged

26
Q

What did Young say about the ICS?

A

Trained researchers able to conduct sympathetic interviews which reported high rater of female victimisation

27
Q

What are 4 limitations of victim surveys?

A

Young says the ‘dark figure of crime’ is still present
Accuracy relies on memory and honesty
People’s threshold of crime may differ
Problem with response rates, affects representitivness & generalisable
Those who don’t respond may include victims of sexual offences
Non-victims may not repsond= overestimation

28
Q

What do self-report studies measure and focus on?

A

Asks peopls what crimes they have committed
Large-scale sample
Focus on types of deviance
Quantitative, involve list of offences/tick boxes

Sociology (7 decks)

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