crime control policies

Question 1

what does eugenics discuss

Answer 1

the idea that human population can be improved by selective breeding

Question 2

what policies were enforced for eugenics

Answer 2

• forced abortions
• restrictions on who could marry

Question 3

what did eugenics think there was

Answer 3

a ‘criminal gene’ that was being passed down that caused low intelligence and criminality

Question 4

what is capital punishment

Answer 4

execution of someone following a crime

Question 5

why was capital punishment stopped

Answer 5

in 1965 in the UK as it found that murder rates didn’t decrease so it was abolished in 69

Question 6

what case played a significant role in the apoloshment in capital punishment

Answer 6

Ruth Ellis and Derek Bentley

Question 7

what is antabuse

Answer 7

an aversion therapy used to treat alchoholism. gives the offender really bad hangover symptoms

Question 8

what is methadone

Answer 8

a legal medical subsitute for heorin

Question 9

what is stillbestrol

Answer 9

a femal sex hormone for male sex offenders. a form of chemical castraction to supress testostrone and sex drive

Question 10

what is surgical castration

Answer 10

altering bodies and brains of sex offenders in attempt to change behaviour

Question 11

what is a lobotomy

Answer 11

a cut between the frontal lobe and the thalamus, used for sexually motivated and violent offenders. had serious side effects

Question 12

what is psychoanalysis

Answer 12

sigmund freud wanted to make the unconscious mind conscience, done by hypnosis, dream analysis and dream assosiation

Question 13

what is a strength and limitation of psychonalysis

Answer 13

found it works well as a form of therapy but it was time consuming and expensive

Question 14

what is a token economy (operant conditioning)

Answer 14

giving prisoners a token for good behaviour in exchange for privileges. used in prison and schools

Question 15

what is a strength and 2 limitations of token economy

Answer 15

made prisoners more manageable
but it was only short term and doesn’t work if offenders get a better reward from other prisoners

Question 16

what is aversion therapy

Answer 16

used on sex offenders. made to think of an unaccpetable sexual fantasy then given a stimulis to make them assossiate the fantasy with stimulis.

Question 17

what theory does aversion therapy link to

Answer 17

Eysnecks personality theory as extroverts and neurotics are harder to conditon so they need a strong punishment

Question 18

what is 2 limitations to aversion therapy

Answer 18

only short term and had controversy as it was used to convert gay people

Question 19

what is CBT and ART

Answer 19

cognitive behavioural therapy works to change offenders and thinkining processes, done by teaching problem solving and looking and problems from other’s perspectives

Anger replacement training works to teach offenders impersonal skills through role playing

Question 20

what is a strength and limitation of CBT

Answer 20

Of those that complete THINK FIRST have a 30% less convictiion chance, but a limitation is that is has high rates of incompletion

Question 21

what is a strength and limitation of ART

Answer 21

those that finish ART have a reconviction rate but ART improves thinking skills but not offenders’ behaviour

Question 22

what is penal populism

Answer 22

if criminals get a tougher prison sentence in terms of tariff and regime then they are less likely to commit crime again
- this was shown in the 1990s-2000s when they built more prisons and gave longer sentences

Question 23

what is restorative justice

Answer 23

a voluntary process when the offender an victim are brought together and try and repair the equilibrium
- links to functionalism: boundary maintenance

Question 24

2 strengths to restorative justice

Answer 24

1) value for money, shown it reduces offending
2) Victims that have gone face to face with participants and 85% satisfied with outcome

Question 25

2 limitations to restorative justice

Answer 25

1) some victims can be scared
2) some offenders may just do it to get a lesser sentence

Question 26

what is a zero tolerance policy

Answer 26

3 strikes and you’re out (go to prison)
- used for all crimes, even aggressive begging or vandalism

Question 27

1 strength to zero tolerance policy

Answer 27

when it was used in the 1990s, crime rate fell in New York

Question 28

2 limitations to zero tolerance policy

Answer 28

1) doesn’t deal with causes for crime such as poverty
2) the curfew can increase juvenile crime