crime control policies Flashcards
what does eugenics discuss
the idea that human population can be improved by selective breeding
what policies were enforced for eugenics
- forced abortions
- restrictions on who could marry
what did eugenics think there was
a ‘criminal gene’ that was being passed down that caused low intelligence and criminality
what is capital punishment
execution of someone following a crime
why was capital punishment stopped
in 1965 in the UK as it found that murder rates didn’t decrease so it was abolished in 69
what case played a significant role in the apoloshment in capital punishment
Ruth Ellis and Derek Bentley
what is antabuse
an aversion therapy used to treat alchoholism. gives the offender really bad hangover symptoms
what is methadone
a legal medical subsitute for heorin
what is stillbestrol
a femal sex hormone for male sex offenders. a form of chemical castraction to supress testostrone and sex drive
what is surgical castration
altering bodies and brains of sex offenders in attempt to change behaviour
what is a lobotomy
a cut between the frontal lobe and the thalamus, used for sexually motivated and violent offenders. had serious side effects
what is psychoanalysis
sigmund freud wanted to make the unconscious mind conscience, done by hypnosis, dream analysis and dream assosiation
what is a strength and limitation of psychonalysis
found it works well as a form of therapy but it was time consuming and expensive
what is a token economy (operant conditioning)
giving prisoners a token for good behaviour in exchange for privileges. used in prison and schools
what is a strength and 2 limitations of token economy
made prisoners more manageable
but it was only short term and doesn’t work if offenders get a better reward from other prisoners
what is aversion therapy
used on sex offenders. made to think of an unaccpetable sexual fantasy then given a stimulis to make them assossiate the fantasy with stimulis.
what theory does aversion therapy link to
Eysnecks personality theory as extroverts and neurotics are harder to conditon so they need a strong punishment
what is 2 limitations to aversion therapy
only short term and had controversy as it was used to convert gay people
what is CBT and ART
cognitive behavioural therapy works to change offenders and thinkining processes, done by teaching problem solving and looking and problems from other’s perspectives
Anger replacement training works to teach offenders impersonal skills through role playing
what is a strength and limitation of CBT
Of those that complete THINK FIRST have a 30% less convictiion chance, but a limitation is that is has high rates of incompletion
what is a strength and limitation of ART
those that finish ART have a reconviction rate but ART improves thinking skills but not offenders’ behaviour
what is penal populism
if criminals get a tougher prison sentence in terms of tariff and regime then they are less likely to commit crime again
- this was shown in the 1990s-2000s when they built more prisons and gave longer sentences
what is restorative justice
a voluntary process when the offender an victim are brought together and try and repair the equilibrium
- links to functionalism: boundary maintenance
2 strengths to restorative justice
1) value for money, shown it reduces offending
2) Victims that have gone face to face with participants and 85% satisfied with outcome
2 limitations to restorative justice
1) some victims can be scared
2) some offenders may just do it to get a lesser sentence
what is a zero tolerance policy
3 strikes and you’re out (go to prison)
- used for all crimes, even aggressive begging or vandalism
1 strength to zero tolerance policy
when it was used in the 1990s, crime rate fell in New York
2 limitations to zero tolerance policy
1) doesn’t deal with causes for crime such as poverty
2) the curfew can increase juvenile crime
