aims of punishemnt

Question 1

what is retribution

Answer 1

• inflicting punishment on offenders as punishment
• ‘just deserts’, offenders need to be punished for breaking society’s moral codes
• the punishment should be propionate to the crime committed

Question 2

what are some critisms for retribution

Answer 2

• offenders deserve forgiveness
• no help preventing future crime

Question 3

what theories link to retribution

Answer 3

• rational choice theory, offenders think through actions before committing so should be punished

Question 4

what is rehabilitation

Answer 4

• punishemnt used to reform offender
• reintroduce into society
• education, training, drug treatments and testing

Question 5

what is rehabilitation

Answer 5

• punishemnt used to reform offender
• reintroduce into society
• education, training, drug treatments and testing

Question 6

what are some critisms for rehabilitation

Answer 6

• right realists argue it is short term
• marxism say it shifts the blame from capatalsim to the offender’s own failings

Question 7

what 2 theories links to rehabilitation

Answer 7

• eyeneck’s personality theory: favoured aversion therapy
• cognitive theories: favours CBT and ART in reforming

Question 8

what is detterence

Answer 8

• general and individual
• punishment should be based on the severity and be proportionate to the crime not torment

Question 9

what are 2 criticisms to deterrence

Answer 9

• half of offenders reoffend in the first year of release
• how do we decide how severe a punishment is?

Question 10

what theory links to detterence

Answer 10

right realism, favour detterence as a form of crime prevention

Question 11

what is public protection

Answer 11

• incapacitation is removing offenders physical ability to offend
• protects society from dangerous criminals
• electronic tagging, chemical castraction of sex offenders

Question 12

2 critisms to public protection

Answer 12

• incapacitation leads to ‘wharehousing’ of offenders
• unjust to imprison someone from a crime they may commit

Question 13

what theory links to public protection

Answer 13

Lombroso, supported detaining criminals rather than trying
to rehabilitate them- he suggested housing them on
islands away from the public.

Question 14

what is reparation

Answer 14

• offenders make amends to society and individual through fines or unpaid work
• restorative justice is where offenders connect with the victim and show remorse, reintroducing them into society

Question 15

what are 2 critisms for reparation

Answer 15

• doesnt work on all offences: sexual/ violent
• some say its too soft and allows offenders to get off easily

Question 16

what theory links to reparation

Answer 16

functionalists say restorative justice is essential in balancing society