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History > Crime And Punishment > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

When was merdrum introduced and abolished

A

C1066-C1385

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2
Q

When we’re Hersey introduced

A

C1382

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3
Q

When we’re parish constables introduced

A

1285

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4
Q

When we’re coroners appointed

A

1190

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5
Q

When was trial by ordeal abolished

A

1215

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6
Q

When we’re the justice of peace intoduced

A

1195

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7
Q

What was the benefit of the clergy

A

The claim of the accused person that could have a more lenient court hearing - priests who had to prove it by reciting parts of the bible

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8
Q

In what years did Mary burn 238 Protestants

A

(1553-58)

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9
Q

How many witches were executed

A

1000

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10
Q

Between what years were witches procecuted

A

1542-1736

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11
Q

What book did James the 1st write

A

‘Demonology’

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12
Q

What year did James I write his book

A

1597

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13
Q

When did James I die?

A

1625

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14
Q

What did Matthew Hopkins call himself

A

‘The witch hunter general’

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15
Q

How many witches did Mathew Hopkins accuse and execute

A

He executed around 300

*more than anyone the previous 100 years

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16
Q

Between what years did Mathew Hopkins operate

A

1545-47

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17
Q

Why did people accuse witches

A

If they had bad harvests, lack of authority after the civil war, many widows after the war, skin blemishes

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18
Q

when was the witchcraft act and what was it?

A

1542-Made it punishable by death

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19
Q

Who did transportation begin under

A

James I

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20
Q

Who many people were transported to America

A

50,000-80,000

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21
Q

When did the bloody code begin and how many crimes were punishable by death

A

C1688 when 50 crimes were punishable by death

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22
Q

When was the royal society

A

1662-increased influence of science

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23
Q

When was the last witchcraft execution

A

1716

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24
Q

When was the witchcraft act which ended which craft

A

1735

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25
Q

When did smuggling increase

A

1740-1850

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26
Q

What was a gang which smuggled

A

The Hawkhurst gang

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27
Q

When we’re taxes cut

A

1840s

28
Q

When was the Waltham black act and when was it repealed

A

1723-1823

29
Q

When we’re the bow street runners founded

A

1749

30
Q

Who founded the bow street runners

A

Henry fielding

31
Q

Who took over the bow street runners in 1754

A

Fieldings half brother John

32
Q

When we’re the bow street runners paid by the government

A

1785

33
Q

When was the met police act and when was it

A

1829-which gave London a uniformed police force

34
Q

How did peel persuade the government to sign the met police act

A

By using statistics and ensuring it wouldn’t cause less freedom

35
Q

What was the police act and what was it

A

1856-Meant all areas had had to have a professional police force

36
Q

When was the first national crime records

A

1869

37
Q

When did the bow street runners merge with the police

A

1839

38
Q

When did transportation to America begin

A

C1610

39
Q

When did American transportation end

A

1776-after the war of inderpendence

40
Q

When did transportation to Australia begin and end

A

1787-1868

41
Q

Why did transportation to Australia end

A

Too expensive, 1851 gold rush which made Australia a desirable place, wages were better in Australia so it became an opportunity,prisons became useful,

42
Q

Why was transportation useful

A

Got rid of convicts, became valued members of society

43
Q

When we’re the first prisons used

A

1800sp

44
Q

What was negative about the original prisons

A

You had to pay for your time, richer Inmates had a better time, you could pay for someone else to do your time, many would come out in debt, about 1/4 died a year due to typhus, no running water or sewage, overcrowded

45
Q

What was the gaolers act and when was it introduced

A

It abolished gaolers fees and improved sanitation, got better prison wardens,separated types of prisoners-work of John Howard 1823

46
Q

When did Elizabeth fry start her work and what did she do

A

1813-began to work in Newgate prison, set up education and got better food, she influenced the gaolers act,

47
Q

What’s was pentonville

A

The first model prison for the separate system

48
Q

When did the separate system start

A

1842

49
Q

What were the traits of pentonville and the separate system

A

Desire to reform and deter,good conditions, solitary confinement, spereation from bad influences, Boredom made them pay for their crime-lead to mental health and 22 went mad/26 had mental breakdowns/3 commuter suicide

50
Q

When was the silent system introduced and finish

A

C1860s-C1922

51
Q

What was the silent system like

A

Silent at all time, ‘hard board, hard work, hard labour’, strict conditions, monotous food and work eg.The crank,slept on wooden planks

More of a deterrent than reform

52
Q

What did Robert Peel do?

A
  • Reduced number of crimes punishable by death
  • made more lenient punishment for petty crimes
  • focused on reform
  • abolished the bloody code
  • the crime had to fit the punishment
  • started the met police and influenced the police act
  • influences the gaols act
53
Q

When was the last public hanging

A

1868

54
Q

What did John Howard (1726-1790) do?

A
55
Q

What did John Howard publish in 1777 and what did it state

A

‘The state of prisons in England and Wales’

  • detailed problems
  • strongly attacked the fees the prisoners had to pay
  • proposed improvements: healthier accommodation, separation of prisoners, good diet and prison guards

He was criticised for being too lenient

56
Q

What did Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) do?

A
  • She was a Quaker and visited Newgates women’s prison and was horrified
  • she believed there was god in everyone and could be reformed
  • she saw 300 women,some with children, some with women and children in 3 small rooms
  • she highlighted poor conditions and exploitation of women by male guards
  • She set up a school teaching them key skills that they can use upon release
  • she influenced the gaols act
57
Q

Between when was the bloody code

A

C1688-1820s

58
Q

From when to when was peel the home security

A

1822-42

59
Q

When we’re open prisons introduced

A

1933

60
Q

When we’re suspended sentences introduced

A

1967

61
Q 
What was introduced in the 1990s-2000s?
-
-
-
-
A
  • electronic tagging
  • alcohol treatment
  • ASBOs
  • restorative juctise
62
Q

How many crimes were punishable by death 1900

A

4

63
Q

What were the miscarriages of justice in terms of death penalty

A

1953-Deric Bentley

1950s-Timothy Evans

64
Q

When was the last execution

A

1964

65
Q

When was the CID introduced

A

1842

History (7 decks)

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