Crime And Punishment Flashcards
When was merdrum introduced and abolished
C1066-C1385
When we’re Hersey introduced
C1382
When we’re parish constables introduced
1285
When we’re coroners appointed
1190
When was trial by ordeal abolished
1215
When we’re the justice of peace intoduced
1195
What was the benefit of the clergy
The claim of the accused person that could have a more lenient court hearing - priests who had to prove it by reciting parts of the bible
In what years did Mary burn 238 Protestants
(1553-58)
How many witches were executed
1000
Between what years were witches procecuted
1542-1736
What book did James the 1st write
‘Demonology’
What year did James I write his book
1597
When did James I die?
1625
What did Matthew Hopkins call himself
‘The witch hunter general’
How many witches did Mathew Hopkins accuse and execute
He executed around 300
*more than anyone the previous 100 years
Between what years did Mathew Hopkins operate
1545-47
Why did people accuse witches
If they had bad harvests, lack of authority after the civil war, many widows after the war, skin blemishes
when was the witchcraft act and what was it?
1542-Made it punishable by death
Who did transportation begin under
James I
Who many people were transported to America
50,000-80,000
When did the bloody code begin and how many crimes were punishable by death
C1688 when 50 crimes were punishable by death
When was the royal society
1662-increased influence of science
When was the last witchcraft execution
1716
When was the witchcraft act which ended which craft
1735
When did smuggling increase
1740-1850
What was a gang which smuggled
The Hawkhurst gang
When we’re taxes cut
1840s
When was the Waltham black act and when was it repealed
1723-1823
When we’re the bow street runners founded
1749
Who founded the bow street runners
Henry fielding
Who took over the bow street runners in 1754
Fieldings half brother John
When we’re the bow street runners paid by the government
1785
When was the met police act and when was it
1829-which gave London a uniformed police force
How did peel persuade the government to sign the met police act
By using statistics and ensuring it wouldn’t cause less freedom
What was the police act and what was it
1856-Meant all areas had had to have a professional police force
When was the first national crime records
1869
When did the bow street runners merge with the police
1839
When did transportation to America begin
C1610
When did American transportation end
1776-after the war of inderpendence
When did transportation to Australia begin and end
1787-1868
Why did transportation to Australia end
Too expensive, 1851 gold rush which made Australia a desirable place, wages were better in Australia so it became an opportunity,prisons became useful,
Why was transportation useful
Got rid of convicts, became valued members of society
When we’re the first prisons used
1800sp
What was negative about the original prisons
You had to pay for your time, richer Inmates had a better time, you could pay for someone else to do your time, many would come out in debt, about 1/4 died a year due to typhus, no running water or sewage, overcrowded
What was the gaolers act and when was it introduced
It abolished gaolers fees and improved sanitation, got better prison wardens,separated types of prisoners-work of John Howard 1823
When did Elizabeth fry start her work and what did she do
1813-began to work in Newgate prison, set up education and got better food, she influenced the gaolers act,
What’s was pentonville
The first model prison for the separate system
When did the separate system start
1842
What were the traits of pentonville and the separate system
Desire to reform and deter,good conditions, solitary confinement, spereation from bad influences, Boredom made them pay for their crime-lead to mental health and 22 went mad/26 had mental breakdowns/3 commuter suicide
When was the silent system introduced and finish
C1860s-C1922
What was the silent system like
Silent at all time, ‘hard board, hard work, hard labour’, strict conditions, monotous food and work eg.The crank,slept on wooden planks
More of a deterrent than reform
What did Robert Peel do?
- Reduced number of crimes punishable by death
- made more lenient punishment for petty crimes
- focused on reform
- abolished the bloody code
- the crime had to fit the punishment
- started the met police and influenced the police act
- influences the gaols act
When was the last public hanging
1868
What did John Howard (1726-1790) do?
What did John Howard publish in 1777 and what did it state
‘The state of prisons in England and Wales’
- detailed problems
- strongly attacked the fees the prisoners had to pay
- proposed improvements: healthier accommodation, separation of prisoners, good diet and prison guards
He was criticised for being too lenient
What did Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) do?
- She was a Quaker and visited Newgates women’s prison and was horrified
- she believed there was god in everyone and could be reformed
- she saw 300 women,some with children, some with women and children in 3 small rooms
- she highlighted poor conditions and exploitation of women by male guards
- She set up a school teaching them key skills that they can use upon release
- she influenced the gaols act
Between when was the bloody code
C1688-1820s
From when to when was peel the home security
1822-42
When we’re open prisons introduced
1933
When we’re suspended sentences introduced
1967
What was introduced in the 1990s-2000s? - - - -
- electronic tagging
- alcohol treatment
- ASBOs
- restorative juctise
How many crimes were punishable by death 1900
4
What were the miscarriages of justice in terms of death penalty
1953-Deric Bentley
1950s-Timothy Evans
When was the last execution
1964
When was the CID introduced
1842
