Crime and deviance 7-8 Flashcards
crime and globalisation
what is the global criminal economy?
globalistaion has created new opportunities for crime, new means of commiting crime and new offences
* as a result of globalisation castells argues there is now a gloabl criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per year taking a number of forms
crime and globalisation
what are the examples castells gives?
- arms trafficking to illegal reigmes
- trafficking in nuclear materials
- smuggling illegal immigrants
- sex tourism
- trafficking in body parts for organ transplants in rich countries
- cyber crimes
- green crimes
- international terrorism
- smuggling illegal goods
- money laundering of the profits from organised crime
- trafficking endangered species or their body parts
crime and globalisation
what is the sociological link?
- the gce has both a demand and supply side
- the reson for the scale of transnational organised crime is the demand for products in the rich west
- however the gce could not function without supply that it provides the source of the drugs etc demanded in the west- this is linked to gloablistaion
- e.g third world drug producing countries like peru have large pops of poor people so selling drugs to rich countries is attractive as it requires little investment in tech and high prices compared with trad crops
crime and globalisation
what is global risk conciousness?
globalisation creates new insecurities and produces this
* risk is seen as glaobal rather than tied to particular places
* much of our knowledge about risk comes from the media- often exaggerated views of danger e.g of immigration media has created moral panics aout its supposed “threat”= many hate crimes as well as intesnsification of social control like uk toughened boarders
crime and globalisation
what is its link to capitalism?
taylor argues that gloablisation has led to changes in the pattern and extent of crime
by giving free rein to market forces, globalisation has created greater inequality and rising crime
crime and globalisation
what are the three factors linked to taylor ?
globalisation- has allowed transnational cooporations to switch to manufacturing to low wage countries= job insecurity poverty etc
deregulation- govts have little control over their own economies like creating jobs
marketisation- has enccouraged people to see themselves as individual consumers calculating the personal cosats and benifits of actions undermining social control
* all of these create insercurity and widen the inequalities that encourage people essp poor to tturn to crime
crime and globalisation
what are crimes of gloablisation?
sociologists exmaine the role of the imf and world bank- they are crimes of globalisation
* these organisations are dominated by major capitalist states like the world bank members include countries like USA, JAPAN AND BRITAIN +twoothers hold over a 1/3 of the voting rights
* these countries impose pro capialist, neo-liberal economic strutural adjustment programmes on poor countries as a condition of the loans they provide- require cutting spending on healthcare and education etc
* this allows western cooporations to expand into these countries creating the conditions of crime like the rawandan genocide
crime and globalisation
what are patterns of criminal organisation?
hobbs and dunningham found that the way crime is organised is linked to the economic changes brought by globalisation
* it involves individuals seekin gopportunities linking legitimate and illigitimate activites ]this contrasts with the large scale hierarchical mafia style organisations of the past
crime and globalisation
what is glocal organisation?
**crime works this way- it is still locally based but with global connections **
* means the form it takes will vary from place place according to local conditions
* the changes associated to globalisation have led to changes in patterns of crime- from old hierarchical gang to loose netweorks of felxible criminals
crime and globalisation
how is the mcmafia an exmpale of the relationship between the two?
- the organisations that emerged in russia following the fall of communism
- glenny traces the origins of transnational organised crime to the breakup of the soviet union which coincided with th ederegulation of global markets
what is green crime
crime aganist the environment
much of it is linked to globalisation
green crime
what is the link between global risk society and the environment?
in late modern society there is a massive increase in productivity and technology that has created new manufactured risks
* many of these involve harm to the environment and has consequences for humanity like global warming
green crime
what are the two types of criminology?
white
traditional- its subject mater is defined by criminal law therefore not concerned with green criminology centred entirely around the law
green- focuses on the notion of harm rather than criminal law zemiology bassicly the study of harms
green crime
how can the bhopal disater be linked to green and traditional criminology?
green- would have an intrest in it as it caused harm to thousands of people
traditional- no intrest in it as technically now law was actually broken
green crime
what are the two types of harm?
white
anthropocentric- a human centred approach of environmental harm, assumes humans have the right to use the worlds resources and dominate nature
ecocentric- sees humans and their environment as interdependent, environmental harm hurts humans also
both the environment and humans are liable to exploitation by gobal capitalism (green criminology) vv v
