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Peds III > Craniofacial growth II > Flashcards

Craniofacial growth II Flashcards

1
Q

We may divide the skull growth in two different parts that have different development:

A
  • Viscero-skull: Face

* Neuro-skull: Cranial vault and base

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2
Q

Viscero-skull type of growth?

A

slow growth

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3
Q

Neuro-skull type of growth?

A

fast growth

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4
Q

Factors that affect facial growth? (5)

A
  • Function
  • Sinus growth
  • Dental eruption
  • Increase of muscular activity
  • General factors
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5
Q

Factor that affects neuro-skull growth?

A

Brain growth

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6
Q

Growth of cranial vault reaches ____% at the end of ___ year of life

A

80% at the end of 2nd year

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7
Q

When does growth of the cranial vault end? exception?

A

8th-10th year of life

*except the frontal sinus

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8
Q

What are the two types of growth the cranial vault experiences?

A
  • Sutural growth

- Apositional growth

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9
Q

Cranial vault: Characteristics of sutural growth? (3)

A
  • Stimulation of sutures and frontanelas
  • tension due to brain’s growth
  • increases the circumference and reduces the curvature
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10
Q

Cranial vault: characteristics of apositional growth? (2)

A
  • Bone deposition on the internal and external surfaces

- increases the thickness

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11
Q

At what age to sutures start to calcify? exception?

A

13-14

*metopic suture closes at end of 2nd year

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12
Q

Growth of cranial vault: Where is is apposition on the internal and external surface?

A
  • internal surface there is apposition in the central area
  • external surface is the
    other way around.
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13
Q

Growth of cranial vault: when does the internal surface stop growing?

A

Once the brain has finished developing ~8years old

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14
Q

Growth of cranial vault: when does the external surface stop growing?

A

Continues to grow with the growth of the facial bones (maxilla and sinus) creating the frontal sinus

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15
Q

Cranial base growth: is the area that changes the _____ during the growth

A

least

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16
Q

We may divide the cranial base in two parts:

A
  • Anterior base

- Posterior base

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17
Q

Anterior cranial base growth is related with ____

A

the growth of nasomailar complex

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18
Q

The anterior cranial base grows until what age?

A

Grows precociously until 7 years old

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19
Q

The posterior cranial base growth is related with ___? (2)

A

the pharynx area and width of the mandibular ramus

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20
Q

Posterior cranial base growth compared to anterior base?

A

Posterior has slower growth

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21
Q

The posterior cranial base grows until what age?

A

20 years old

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22
Q

What happens if the anterior cranial vault is too big or too small?

A

Produces hyperplasia and hypoplasia of the nasomaxilar complex

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23
Q

What happens if the posterior cranial vault is too big or too small?

A

Mandibular rams thin or wide—vertical or horizontal growth.

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24
Q

A reduced anterior cranial

base may produce…

A

an hypoplasic nasomaxilar complex

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25
Q

The middle cranial fossa can have an effect on the ____

A 
upper jaw (moving it forward and down by its arrangement), but it
also has an effect on the jaw
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26
Q

A reduced posterior cranial base may give place to a ….

A

narrow mandibular ramus that will lead to a vertical mandibular growth

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27
Q

What types of growth does the cranial base go through? (3)

A
  • Sutural growth
  • Apositional growth
  • Endocondral growth
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28
Q

Cranial base: sutural growth?

A

Transversal growth (slow)

29
Q

Cranial base: apositional growth?

A

lateral areas

30
Q

Cranial base: endocondral growth?

A

Synchondroses (slow)

31
Q

Cranial base: At the fossas there will be …?

A

growth due to bone resorption

32
Q

Cranial base: at elevated areas there is….?

A

apposition

33
Q

Cranial base: Why is there differential and continuous remodeling?

A

stability for the vascular and nervous elements

34
Q

What is the most stable part of the skull?

A

Cranial base

*anterior cranial base (sella) is used as a reference point

35
Q

What is the sella?

A

Anterior cranial base

36
Q

The sella does not have ____?

A

a field of growth

37
Q

Why is the sella important?

A

able to observe the different positions the bones may adopt using it as a reference

38
Q

What are the type of maxillary growth? (3)

A
  • sutural growth
  • apositional growth
  • “v” pattern of growth
39
Q

What is the hierarchy of maxillary growth?

A

VERTICAL > SAGITAL > LATERAL

40
Q

Maxillary growth: vertical growth? (3)

A
  • Palatal remodeling
  • Dental eruption
  • Primary displacement
41
Q

Maxillary growth: lateral growth? (2)

A
  • Bone remodeling

* Midline suture

42
Q

Maxillary growth: saggital growth (3)

A
  • Maxillary tuberosity
  • Transverse palatal suture
  • Primary and secondary displacement
43
Q

Maxillary growth: bone remodeling areas? (5)

A
  • Infraorbitary surface: Deposit.
  • Outer surface: Deposit.
  • Anterior surface: Resorption (except in fetal period).
  • Posterior surface: Deposit.
  • Lower relocation of the palate (deposit in the interior face—–`V´principle).
44
Q

Maxillary growth primary displacement? why?

A

Forward and slightly

downwards thanks to the sutural growth

45
Q

Maxillary growth secondary displacement?

A
  • Anterior cranial base: Forward

* Middle and posterior base: Forward and downward

46
Q

Mandibular growth: at birth. what happens?

A

there are two short ramus that are fused together by connective tissue

47
Q

Mandibular growth: What happens during the first year of life?

A

There is an ossification of the simphysis

48
Q

Mandibular growth: endochondral growth?

A

There will be endochondral growth by apposition at the

alveolar border and condile

49
Q

Mandibular growth: Apposition?/resorption?

A

Will be apposition at the posterior surface of the

ramus and resorption of the anterior border.

50
Q

Mandibular growth: Bone remodelling?

A

on all the surfaces that enables the eruption of the molars

51
Q

Mandibular growth: body of the mandible - posterior surface?

A
  • Remodeling of the ramus, making the body longer
  • Posterior and lingual deposit (at the lingual tuberosity)
  • Deviation towards lingual of that part changing from ramus to body
52
Q

Mandibular growth: What are the sites of growth at the body of the mandible? (6)

A
  • Posterior surface
  • Inferior surface
  • Symphysis
  • External surface
  • internal surface
  • Alveolar area
53
Q

Mandibular growth: Body of the mandible - inferior surface? (2)

A

Deposit

* except at the antegonial area (resorption)

54
Q

Mandibular growth: Body of the mandible - symphysis? (2)

A
  • Resorption on the upper portion

- deposit at the chin

55
Q

Mandibular growth: Body of the mandible - external surface?

A

deposit

56
Q

Mandibular growth: Body of the mandible - internal surface?

A

Deposit at the lowest area

57
Q

Mandibular growth: Body of the mandible - alveolar area?

A

V principle

58
Q

Mandibular growth: ramus growth areas? (4)

A
  • Anterior border
  • Posterior border
  • Cornoid apophysis
  • Condyle
59
Q

Mandibular growth: ramus anterior border?

A

Resorption (mainly at the inferior part)

60
Q

Mandibular growth: ramus posterior border?

A

Deposit (mainly at the inferior part)

It appears a verticalization of the ramus

61
Q

Mandibular growth: ramus cornoid apophysis? (3)

A
  • Anterior resorption.
  • Posterior and lingual deposit
  • “V” pattern
62
Q

Mandibular growth: ramus - condyle? (3)

A
  • Anterior resorption.
  • Posterior, superior and lateral
    deposit.
  • “V” pattern
63
Q

The main part of the mandible that participates in growth is— (2)

A

the posterior border of the ramus and condylar process

64
Q

What direction does the mandible grow in? (2)

A

upwards and backwards

65
Q

Primary displacement mandible?

A

Downwards and forward

66
Q

Secondary displacement mandible?

A

will be smaller than the one in
the maxilla as the middle fossa
is anterior to the condylar
process.

67
Q

Mandibular growth: predominance of vertical condylar growth? (2)

A

✦Counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible body

✦Tendency towards horizontal growth

68
Q

Mandibular growth: predominance of distal condylar growth?

A

✦Clockwise rotation of the mandibular body

✦Tendency towards vertical growth

Peds III (9 decks)

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