Child evolution I Flashcards
Factors that affect the mother during pregnancy? (6)
- Inheritance
- Parents age
- Tobacco, drugs and radiation
- Socioeconomic and environmental level
- Multiple pregnancies
- Stress
From ages 0-6 the child goes through these different changes: (4)
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Emotional
- Social
Pregnancy can be divided into 3 stages:
- Germinal stage (0-3rd week)
- Embryonic stage (4th-8th week)
- Fetal period (from the 9th week)
When is the germinal stage of pregnancy?
0-3rd week
When is the embryonic stage of pregnancy?
4th-8th week
When is the fetal period stage of pregnancy?
form the 9th week onwards
What occurs during the embryonic stage? (2)
great cell differentiation
and the organs appear
What occurs during the fetal stage of pregnancy?
- Very fast growth
How big is a child at less than 3 months? (2)
- Measures 50cm
- weighs 3.5 kg
How big is a child during fetal stage of pregnancy? (3)
At week 28:
- measures 35cm
- weighs 1000 grams
What happens with a baby’s weight 10 days after birth?
they recuperate the weight lost during the
delivery (150/250gr)
When a child is less than 3 months old, the head is ______ the body’s length with….? (4)
- head is 1/4th the body’s length
- have big eyes
- small nose
- no chin
During the first 2 months of life, there is very fast growth of _____g/day
30
When does a baby grow 30g/day?
first 2 months of life
When does a child’s crying reach its maximum?
6 weeks
When is it important to have the mother-son bond? why?
less than 3 months
for correct future behavior
When does a child have the neck tonic reflex?
At 3 months old
What is the neck tonic reflex?
Baby having the capacity to keep their head up
What is characteristic of a healthy 3 month old? (3)
- more mobility
- smiles
- makes sounds
What reflexes disappear at 3 months old?
- walking/stepping reflex (primitive reflex)
- Palmar grasp reflex
What emotions does a 6 month old show? (4)
- happiness
- discomfort
- fear
- shyness
What can a 6 month do physically? (4)
- Sit without support (bigger muscular capacity)
- able to play with their hands and feet
- maintain weight on their hands
- chewing (first primary teeth start to erupt)
Characteristics of a 8-9 year old? (2)
- They learn to stand up and wander with help.
- They learn how to grasp with the thumb
What can a 1 year old do mentally/emotionally?
- understand and speak 2-3 words
- get angry when separated from parents
What can a 1 year old do physically? (3)
- able to crawl (better motor abilities )
- stop putting objects in mouth
- pincer grasp appears and there is bone and visual maturation
Dental treatment of a 1 year old? (4)
- Short and simple, no communication
- Cannot expect a rational response
- Parents cooperation is really important
- Avoid harming with any object.
What can a 2 year old do physically?
- run, jump, climb
- have short legs, lumbar lordosis and bulging abdomen
- take first steps (12-15 months)
When does a child take their first steps?
12-15 months
What can a 2 year old do mentally/emotionally? (3)
- 75% of their intracranial brain volume is achieved
- copy parents and older siblings to learn
- learn in cause-effect way
How does a 2 year old talk? (2)
- vocabulary of 15-20 words
- make 2 word sentences
How do we treat a 2 year old?
- Same as 1 year old
- possible that the child resists
- communicate using senses
- simple communication
- take advantage of lapses of attention
How much does a 3 year old measure/weigh?
- 15 kg
- 94-95 cm
What can a 3 year old do physically? (3)
fine motor skills:
- pile 5 buckets
- copy circles/crosses
- draw human body
What can a 3 year old do emotionally?
- relate to other children
- susceptible to praises
- egocentric and deny other points of view
- interactions without parents = anxiety
How does a 3 year old talk?
- voacbulary of 1000 words
- sentences of 3 words
- know how to count
Dental treatment in a 3 year old?
- Short and simple
- They have a semi-dependence
- They feel the dentists best friend
- Praise their behavior
- VERY good patients
- Give specific orders
How much does a 4 year old weigh/measure?
- 16 kg
- 100cm
What can a 4 year old do physically?
- Control their bowels
- get dressed alone
- kick a ball
- distinguish right from left
How does a 4 year old talk?
- 4 word sentences
- understand 100% of the language
- use past tense
- very talkative
How is growth in a 4 year old?
Constant but with less intensity
How is growth in a 3 year old?
Stop in encephalic growth
Dental treatment in a 4 year old? (6)
- can be apart from parents
- signal discomfort by raising hand
- talk and ask queestions
- tell-show-do technique
- do NOT use word pain
- give specific orders
6 year old weight/ height?
18.5kg
109cm
What can a 6 year old do physically? (3)
- hop on one foot
- ride a bike
- somersaults
- tying shoe laces (fine motor skills)
How does a 5 year old talk? (3)
- richer vocabulary and use better syntax
- future tense
- 5-6 word sentences
What can a 5 year old do mentally?
distinguish between morning, afternoon/ day and night
Dental treatment of a 5 year old? (3)
- Good patients
- React well to praise
- dentist has to be firm
How does a 6 year old grow? (4)
- Constant but with less intensity
- head grows slowly
- trunk grows moderately
- big growth of the limbs
6 year old weight/height?
- 5kg/year
- 10cm/year
How does a 6 year old talk?
10,000 word vocabulary
What can a 6 year old do physically? (2)
skate and ride bikes
6 year old mentally/emotionally? (3)
- Always want to be right
- have tantrums
- agressive shy
6 year old dental treatment? (4)
- Try to reason
- They react well to praise
- Use a language adapted to their age
- PANORAMIC AND LATERAL X-RAY
Eruption sequence: < 1 year old? (2)
- The first permanent molar cusps are formed.
- They may have con natal or neonatal teeth
When do the lower central incisors erupt?
6-10 months
When do the upper central incisors erupt?
8-12 months
When do the upper lateral incisors erupt?
9-13 months
When do the lower lateral incisors erupt?
10-16 months
Mandibular movements in children are limited when..
the first anteroposterior contact appears ~ 1 year old
What dental changes occur at 1 year old? (3)
- first neuromuscular patterns are settled
- incisors erupt
- mandibular movements limited by first anteroposterior contacts
What dental changes occur at 2 years old? (3)
- first primary molars erupt = discontinuous arch
- canines erupt
- new contacts form new neuromuscular patterns
When do the first lower molars erupt?
14-18 months
When do the upper first molars erupt?
13-19 months
When do the lower canines erupt?
15-21 months
When do the upper canines erupt?
16-22 months
What dental changes occur at 3 years old? (2)
- second primary molars erupt
- this stabilizes the interocclusal relation first molars have created
When does the lower second molar erupt?
21-31 months
When does the upper second molar erupt?
25-33 months
What dental changes occur at 3 years old?
All the permanent dentition is developing except for
the third molars
What dental changes occur at 4 years old? (2)
- primary dentition is complete and occluding
- physiological reabsorption of roots starts 1-2 years after their eruption
What dental changes occur at 5 years old? (2)
- Physiological reabsorption of the upper and lower incisors.
- The diastemas become more evident.
When does reabsorption of the incisors occur?
at 5 years old
What dental changes occur at 6 years old? (2)
- first transitional period of mixed dentition
- many reabsorptions of primary dentition
Pathologies in <1 year old?
connatal and neonatal teeth
Pathologies in a 1 year old? (5)
- Baby bottle tooth decay
- Rampant caries
- Trauma
- Short frenulums
- Dental eruption
- discard disabuse (whatever that means)
Pathologies in a 2 year old? (5)
- Baby bottle tooth decay
- Rampant caries
- Trauma
- Short frenulums
- Dental eruption
- discard disabuse (whatever that means)
Pathologies in a 3 year old? (4)
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Teeth with mobility are not
reimplanted or splinted
Pathologies in a 4-5 year old?
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Teeth with mobility are not
reimplanted or splinted
Pathologies in a 6 year old?
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Determine exfoliation time of incisors before treating their caries
