craniofacial develoment part 1

Question 1

what does a zygote form?

Answer 1

divides within fallopian tube to form a blastocyst

Question 2

what are the cells of a blastocyst ?

Answer 2

trophoblasts (placenta)
embryo blasts

Question 3

where does the blastocyst implant?

Answer 3

uterine wall-week 1

Question 4

what is the embryonic period in weeks?

Answer 4

week 2-8

Question 5

what do embryo-blasts differentiate into?

Answer 5

epiblasts (primary ectoderm) and hypoblasts

Question 6

what are the epiblasts and hypoblasts collectively called?

Answer 6

bilaminnar embryonic disc

Question 7

what happens in week 3?

Answer 7

the disc thickens with mesoderm and endoderm (primary epiblast becomes ectoderm)

Question 8

what is week 3 thickening known as?

Answer 8

trilaminar embryonic disc

Question 9

what takes place in week 4?

Answer 9

embryonic folding

Question 10

what embryonic events take place due to patterning?

Answer 10

induction
proliferation
differentiation
morphogenesis
maturation

Question 11

what is the formation of the germ layers known as?

Answer 11

gastrulation

Question 12

what does the ectoderm form?

Answer 12

skin and neural tube (ncc)

Question 13

what does the mesoderm form?

Answer 13

all structures including bone tissue

Question 14

what does the endoderm form?

Answer 14

gut

Question 15

what is induction?

Answer 15

when one group of cells directs the development of another group of cells through interactions (signals)

Question 16

what is proliferation?

Answer 16

when there is an increase in cell number

Question 17

what is differentiation?

Answer 17

when unspecialised cells become specialised with specific structures and functions

Question 18

what is morphogenesis?

Answer 18

when specialised cells are organised and migrate to form specific structures, tissues, organs

Question 19

what is maturation?

Answer 19

attainment of adult function

Question 20

what is the reason for cell patterning?

Answer 20

these genetic programmes allow for correct timing, sequence and location of events to occur

Question 21

where are neural crest cells formed?

Answer 21

in the neural tube

Question 22

what are neural crest cells for?

Answer 22

formation of all h and n structures